xxii List of Illustrations 



Plate 



3. ( Upper left) . The nest was built at the base of a big tree, on the 

 sunny side. (Upper right). Eleven eggs composed the clutch, 

 an average number. (Lower left). The hen grouse watches 

 carefully for enemies before stepping onto the nest. (Lower 

 right). The chicks remain in the nest only a few hours after 

 hatching. 



4. (Upper left). Grouse chick one day old. (Upper right). At five 

 days of age. (Lower left). Seventeen days have passed, (Lower 

 right). At five weeks of age. 



5. (Upper left). Grouse going to roost in a tree. (Upper right). 

 Grouse just after landing in the snow. (Lower left). Pheasant 

 and grouse eggs in one nest. ( Lower right ) . A snow roost after 

 being vacated. 



6. (Upper). Disconnected cover, woodlands separated by open 

 fields. (Lower). Continuous cover, extensive forests found in 

 the several mountainous areas from the Appalachians to the 

 Adirondacks and Maine. 



7. An aerial view of a portion of the Connecticut Hill sub-marginal 

 farming area. 



8. (Upper left). Open land, overgrown land and hardwood woods 

 in close juxtaposition. (Upper right). Shrub cover next to conif- 

 erous woods. (Lower left). Woodlands lacking a shrubby edge 

 lose valuable interspersion. ( Lower right) . Pure alder most often 

 occurs on moist soils, and is much used by broods. 



9. ( Upper left) . Subtype of mixed hardwoods composition. ( Upper 

 right). Mixed conifer-hardwood subtype. (Lower left). Mixed 

 oak composition. (Lower right). Pure stand of popple along 

 woods border. 



10. (Upper). Newly cut subtype. (Lower). Old cuttings. 



11. (Upper). Pure hardwoods are deficient in shelter. A scattering 

 of conifers improves this type for grouse. (Lower). Broadleaved 

 evergreens serve somewhat the same purpose as conifers. 



12. (Upper). Small openings made by removing a large tree, or 

 two or three in hardwood stands is the best of the many sub- 

 types. (Lower). Tlie mixed oak association is quite unproduc- 

 tive of grouse where it occurs in large, unbroken areas. 



13. (Upper). Hardwood overstory of near-mature trees with much 

 hemlock in lower growth. (Lower). Young stand of hemlock 

 and hardwoods. 



14. (Upper). Overstory of mature white pine with completely 

 hardwood understory. (Lower). Hard pines (Virginia pine) 

 and oaks compose a mixed woodland cover type. 



15. (Upper). Hemlock on left has sheltering branches close to 

 ground, white pine on right has shelter only in crown. (Lower). 



