xxiv List of Illustrations 



Plate 



25. (Upper left). Mountain laurel, whose leaves are a staple food. 

 (Upper right). Highbush cranberry, one of the viburnums. 

 ( Lower left ) . Wild rose, whose hips are eaten when accessible. 

 (Lower right). Teaberry, or wintergreen, is a small plant of the 

 woodland floor. 



26. (Upper). Wild black cherry. (Lower). Pin cherry; and choke- 

 cherry. 



27. (Upper left). Nannyberry. (Upper right). Hobblebush. (Lower 

 left). Blackhaw. (Lower right). Arrowwood. 



28. (Upper). Prolific growth of wild grape {Vitis labrusca) along 

 a woodland edge. (Lower). Close-up of fruit. 



29. (Upper left). Black chokeberry, a small bush. (Upper right). 

 Bittersweet, a cHmbing vine. (Lower). Winterberry, one of the 

 hollies. 



30. (Upper left). Virginia creeper, vine. (Upper right). Bayberry, 

 most prevalent near the coast. (Lower left). Elder, a common 

 fencerow shrub. (Lower right). Mountain ash, a small wood- 

 land tree. ( Center ) . Serviceberry, another woodland tree whose 

 fruits ripen in early summer. 



3L (Upper). Farming activities greatly affect the grouse food sup- 

 ply. (Lower). When deep snows blanket the ground, grouse 

 resort to buds for most of their food. 



32. ( Upper ) . Feathers and tracks in the snow reveal fox evidence. 

 (Lower). Horned owl work. 



33. (Upper). Grouse nest destroyed by a horned owl killing setting 

 hen, after which a fox ate the eggs. (Lower left). The common 

 skunk loves eggs, and occasionally stumbles onto a grouse nest. 

 (Lower right). Great homed owl, one of the most efficient of 

 all predators. 



34. (Upper left). The cottontail, found mainly in the disconnected 

 cover areas of grouse range. (Upper right). The snowshoe hare, 

 found mainly in the extensive northern forests. (Insert). The 

 squirrels affect the grouse in two ways, as a buffer between the 

 grouse and its enemies, and as a food competitor. (Lower). The 

 empty shells of a walnut planting after being dug up and eaten 

 by squirrels. 



35. (Upper). Diagram of alimentary canal of the ruffed grouse 

 showing location of some parasite infestations. (Lower left). 

 Grouse stomachs, normal and parasitized with Dispharynx 

 spiralis. (Lower right). Stomach worms (Dispharynx spiralis) 

 and intestinal worm (Ascaridia lineata). 



36. (Upper left). The modem hunter pursues grouse as a sport. 

 (Upper right). A split-second shot brings a clean kill. (Lower). 

 Man's use of well-trained pointing dogs has done as much as 

 anything to make hunting a fine sport. 



