The Bird Itself 17 



togata. Scattered outposts remain in eastern Kansas, Missouri (?), 

 Iowa, Illinois, and Indiana. 



B. u. togata ranges northward from the Minnesota-Massachusetts 

 line referred to above through Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick 

 provinces, practically to the limit of trees in northern Ontario and 

 Quebec/ 



B. u. umbelloides is found from Alberta and west-central Macken- 

 zie south to northern Utah, northern Colorado, and western South 

 Dakota, including the whole of British Columbia east of the Coast 

 and Cascade ranges (A.O.U. Check List, 1931). 



B. u. sahini ranges from Vancouver Island and the adjacent main- 

 land coast of British Columbia south to Humboldt County, Calif, 

 (op. cit. ). 



B.u. thayeri is restricted to Nova Scotia and probably eastern New 

 Brunswick (op. cit.). 



B. u. yukonensis is found in the interior of Yukon Territory and 

 Alaska (op. cit.). 



Eggs. The eggs of the ruffed grouse are oval to short ovate in shape, 

 broad and blunt at one end and more pointed at the other. The color 

 is grayish-white to buffy, and only occasionally speckled. After a 

 period of incubation and exposure they often become quite stained. 

 The size averages about thirty-eight and five-tenths by thirty milli- 

 meters. Extremes of size of the eggs examined by Smythe (1925) 

 were: largest, forty by thirty-two millimeters; smallest, thirty-three 

 by twenty-five millimeters. 



REFERENCES AND CITATION SOURCES FOR DESCRIPTION OF 

 THE RUFFED GROUSE 



Aldrich, J. W., and Friedmann, H. A Revision of the Ruffed Grouse, Condor, 



Vol. 45, No. 3, May-June, 1943. 

 A.O.U. Check List of North American Birds, 4th Ed., 1931. 

 Bailey, H. H. An Undescribed Race of Eastern Ruffed Grouse, Bull. No. 14, 



Bailey Mus. & Lib. of Nat. Hist. Jan. 5, 1941. 

 Bent, A. C. Life Histories of North American Gallinaceous Birds, U. S. Nat. 



Mus. Bull. 162, 1927. 

 Conover, H. B. A New Race of Ruffed Grouse from Vancouver Island, Condor, 



Vol. XXXVII, July, 1935. 



■^ Wetmore ( 1941 ) identifies birds from the mountains sonth from West Virginia 

 as B. u. toaata. 



