Food and Water 139 



food at different times in New Hampshii^e (MacGregor). Maple 

 buds are listed eightli among winter foods and tenth among spring 

 foods in the Adirondacks (Darrow), ninth among winter foods in 

 New York (IV. Y. S. Cons. Dept. Ann. Rep. 1937) and as over one 

 per cent of winter food in the Northeast ( Bi-1297 ) and recorded in 

 small amounts throughout the region from Maine to Virginia. The 

 most palatable food producer appears to be mountain maple. 



Alders (Alnus): Buds and seeds of two species have been re- 

 corded as grouse foods, but probably others are sampled too. Alder 

 products were recorded by Smyth as composing four and eight- 

 tenths per cent of grouse food in October, three and three-tenths per 

 cent in November and two and two-tenths per cent in winter in the 

 Northeast; they are taken in small amounts during the winter in all 

 parts of the Northeast. Speckled alder is probably the most impor- 

 tant species. 



Serviceberries (Amelanchier) : Buds have been listed as a fall and 

 winter food. The fruit is used during the summer and fall by both 

 young and old buds. Only A. canadensis has been specifically identi- 

 fied but other species no doubt also are patronized. Darrow recorded 

 Amelanchier products as comprising five and two-tenths per cent of 

 the summer food of grouse chicks in the Catskill region of New York 

 and one and one-tenth per cent in the remainder of the state outside 

 the Adirondacks. Kuhn (1941) records them as forming two and 

 three-tenths per cent of the November food in Pennsylvania. In Vir- 

 ginia the buds amounted to one and one-tenth per cent of the early- 

 winter food (Nelson). Remains of these plants have also been 

 reported as a fall and winter food in small quantities in Pennsyl- 

 vania, New York, and New Hampshire ( see Plate 30E ) . 



Everlasting (Antennaria): The leaves are taken during fall and 

 winter but have not been definitely identified as to species. Nelson 

 found the early winter food in Virginia to have been derived to the 

 extent of two and three-tenths per cent from plants of this genus. 

 It has been listed as a moderate food producer in other records from 

 Pennsylvania to New England. 



Chokeberry (Aronia): Both fruit and buds of the two common 

 species are taken in fall and winter from New York to Maine. In 

 Massachusetts they composed one and eight-tenths per cent of the 

 fall and winter food, in Rhode Island one and two-tenths per cent, 

 and in Connecticut one and seven-tenths per cent (Hosley). Red 



