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Plate 12. A (Upper), Small openings made by removing a large tree, or two 

 or three, here and there, known as spot lumbering, in hardwood stands is the best 

 of the many subtypes. B (Lower). The mixed oak association, so prevalent in the 

 middle Appalachian range, is quite unproductive of grouse where it occurs in 

 large, unbroken areas. 



