50 



John B. Calhoun 



J. Hum Field 



In Section VII, C it was suggested that when the emitter is between 3 

 and 6 sigma from the receptor the signal given by the emitter can be per- 

 ceived by the receptor but is insufficient in strength to elicit the appropriate 

 responses. The sum of all such signals below threshold for inducing a 

 response is here termed "hum." When this value exceeds the standard 

 intensity of 1.0 (see Section VII, I), the receptor will become restless even 

 though perhaps not exhibiting a specific response to the signals. What 

 effect this general state of restlessness may have upon the receptor is un- 

 known, but it is logical to assume that the members of the community 



3.0 I — •_ 



> 20 



in 



UJ 



> 1.0 



t- 

 < 



_l 



LiJ 



0.4 



_• ■ a- 



/.5 a- 



2.IO- 



27a- 



\ 

 Distance 



between 



H. R. C. 's 



0.6 1.2 1.8 2.4 



a DISTANCE FROM ANY H.R.C. 



30 



Fig. 23. Hum field refers to the sum of the intensity of all signals, any one of which 

 is below that minimum intensity required to elicit a specific response. The value, 1.0, 

 denotes the intensity of a signal at the point of emission. 



will attempt to adjust the interval between the home range centers in such 

 a way as to reduce the likelihood of the "hum" exceeding 1.0. To do so 

 implies that home range centers must be of the order of 2.4 sigma apart 

 (Fig. 23). 



K. General Conclusion Concerning the Distance between Neighbors 



Effective learning of signals probably does not begin until home range 

 centers come at least 3.0 sigma from each other, and even further shorten- 

 ing of this interval must increase the effectiveness of learning. Several 



