108 John B. Calhoun 



a, is assumed to increase when the intensity of interaction, i-, increases, 

 faa decreases as intensity of interaction increases. 



When the A^" of a species has attained an evolutionary steady state, 

 designated as Nb, n and ix' will each have values of 1.0. When n = 1.0 it 

 will be designated tib. Existence of an A''^ steady state does not mean that 

 the temporal A^ camiot fluctuate within the lifetime of a species or the 

 history of a population. Rather, it means there is a particular A^ compatible 

 with ixb- At this Nb, with its /X6, all contacts are perceived. That is, n' = 1.0, 

 and whenever /jl' = 1.0 it will be designated fxb- Not only will all contacts 

 by responsive individuals be perceived, but each member of A^6 will interact 

 with the same average intensity and, thus, a becomes ab. Obviously Nb 

 is the Nm toward which a species "strives." In this "striving," which may 

 be either maturational or evolutionary in terms of units of time, A^ may 

 vary as a function of ex, or a may vary as a function of A''. At that A^ it 

 follows from Eqs. (55) and (56) that: 



a5/i:^ = 0.25 (57) 



This holds for all A^;,. 



<*b/ia^ defines the maximum satisfaction from social interaction and 

 will hereafter be referred to as db. 



The usual intensity, i, of interaction, which determines a, since P = a, 

 may be considered as basically under genetic control. Similarly, n and m' 

 may be considered to be normal expressions of genetic factors in so long 

 as A^6 is approximately realized and the members of N experience conditions 

 in harmony with their genetic constitution, that is to say that the environ- 

 mental conditions approximate those usually experienced by the species 

 for many prior generations. However, abnormal environmental circum- 

 stances may so alter physiology and condition behavior that i, n, and n' 

 diverge from the u, Hb, and Mb' appropriate to A^'fe. In these circumstances n 

 and n' no longer each equal 1.0, nor is u in harmony with A''^ in the sense 

 that afaa will lead to maximum satisfaction from social interaction. Yet, 

 regardless of how i, fi, and fi' have diverged during maturation, this maxi- 

 mum may be attained if the species adjusts by attaining that A^, different 

 from Nb, such that : 



a/i:^ = 0.25 = d':' (58) 



Theta, the maximal and also optimal satisfaction from social interaction, 

 is here designated as d^"^ or just 6o to indicate its possible attainment at 

 some other N than A^6. 



Interactions whose frequency has been designated by fap require special 

 consideration. 



