J. The Social Use of Space ^ 



any characteristics such as bright color, vocalizations, odoi, or 

 upright posture which enhance the hkelihood of an individual 

 being perceived by its associate. Through evolution and matura- 

 tion certain species, particularly man, acquire the capacities to 

 utilize nonphysical characteristics to alter target diameter. 

 These nonphysical characteristics include attitudes and values 

 whose possession influences the likelihood of the holder being 

 perceived and responded to by his associates. 

 V = "Velocity" with which an individual ''moves" through its en- 

 vironment. It includes all properties which enhance the likeli- 

 hood of one individual approaching its associates. Thus, in addi- 

 tion to including actual velocity, it includes all sensory mecha- 

 nisms which extend the individual's perception of others in any 

 direction along its travel path. Thus, where r is the radius of 

 perception beyond the physical bounds of the individual, v be- 

 comes rLt-\ see Eq. (35). Furthermore, v = rU-^ must actually 

 become more complex than this. Animals further vary in the 

 number of trips per unit time. See previous discussion in Sec- 

 tions III, A, 1 and A, 4 which deal with how emotionality alters 

 the frequency of trips. Therefore, if we let: 



D^ = r = radius of perception 



^2 = number of trips per unit time; or any time or place 

 pattern of movement which alters probability of con- 

 tacting others 



v-i .-^ Lt-^ = actual velocity 



Then biological velocity, v, becomes: 



Note : Here the product is used in the sense of a function 

 of 

 When V is considered in later discussions it will have all these 

 connotations. 



r = radius of perception as discussed above. 

 A = area inhabited by the N individuals, each of whom has 

 a good opportunity of contacting any other member 



oiN. 

 n = (dv/A) is a communication-enhancing or contact- 

 producing factor. By considering v in its simplest sense, 

 n becomes (drv/A) as soon as the perception sivath 



