1. The Social Use of Space 119 



Two deviations from the consequences of social interaction appropriate 

 to Nb stand out as the logical candidates as physiological stressors. First 

 there is the situation in which an existing da is less than the optimum ^^"'^ 

 "or do. This difference is designated as the satiation deficit, dd, where 



0d = abfil'^ - CChfaa = do- da (86) 



The second stressor is df. It presents a philosophical problem with regard 

 to its assessment as a stressor. At A^6, df = do. The mechanics of interaction 

 according to the model are such that optimizing (i.e., maximizing) satis- 

 faction from social interaction leads to an equivalent amount of frustra- 

 tion. During evofution, physiology must have been altered such that it 

 became compatible with this amount of frustration. 6; may be thought of 

 as a nonspecific stressor whose presence in d^"^ amount, that is the amount 

 which will arise when Nm is also Nh, is necessary for stimulating physiology 

 to an optimum level. When df is below optimum, df < d^/"'\ there will be a 

 deficit in the nonspecific stressors required to maintain physiology at 

 normal levels. Above optimum levels, when df > dj"'\ df may be considered 

 truly as a stressor to the extent that it exceeds d^^K As TV becomes greater 

 than Nb, df becomes greater than the optimum value of 0.25, and as N 

 approaches infinity df approaches 1.0. This means that nonspecific stressors 

 in the sense of frustration from social interaction can never exceed four 

 times the optimum level. For these reasons I choose to examine merely 

 how df varies as a function of A^ rather than making any effort to evaluate 

 any possible differential effect resulting from df being greater or less than 

 the optimum. 



To see directly how these two stressors, dd and df, vary as N changes, a 

 specific case for Nb = 12 is given in Part B of Table XI. Here again, as in 

 Fig. 34, it may be seen that the fr.equency of satisfactory interactions, 

 faa, declines following either decreases or increases in N from Nb. However, 

 frustrating interactions, f^p decline as A^ declines below Nb, and likewise 

 increase as N increases above Nb. There results an approximately 70% 

 deficit in satiation when N declines to 2 or increases to about 122 from the 

 Nb = 12. Somewhat more marked changes from the optimum frustrations 

 follow changes in N from Nb. 



In order that the change in df as a function of the deviation of A^ from 

 Nb may be visualized, they were calculated (Fig. 35) for Nb = 2 and 

 Nb = 12, for which appropriate intensities of interaction are, respectively, 

 1.0 and 0.302. Only increases in df at N's above Nb are shown. As Nb in- 

 creases from 2 to 12, the respective intervening curves for df shift to the 

 right, that is, it takes slightly greater relative increases from Nb to produce 

 an equivalent increase in df. For all practical purposes the df curves for 

 all Nb above 12 are identical with that of Nb = 12. Initial increases in N 



