144 John B. Calhoun 



Let: 

 Pi^^ = the probability of choosing any ith individual. 

 Pi"^ = the probability of rejecting any zth individual. 



Then 





Vr = -W^ (105) 



Vr = -W^— (106) 



i here, and in Eqs. (92) and (93) and (105) to (113), refers to specifica- 

 tion of individuals by similarity rank, R. See discussion before Eq. (104). 



Equations (105) and (106) in essence state that the probability of any 

 other individual choosing or rejecting the ith. individual depends upon 

 what proportion of the total dominant d-gene pool, or recessive c?-gene 

 pool, of the entire N individuals is encompassed by this ith. individual. 

 Note that these equations include evaluation of one's entire experience 

 with members of the group, including awareness of one's own traits. This 

 topic of self-awareness will be discussed later. 



Conceptually, it is somewhat more difficult to understand S^^^ and S^''\ 

 although the equations for their calculation are rather simple. Let us con- 

 sider iS^"^ first, since earlier reference simply to S was usually in the re- 

 stricted sense of ^S'^''^ 



Consider the individual in Table XIII with similarity rank 6, Re. When 

 individuals Ri to R^ are in that state where they tend to impose restraints 

 or sanctions on others, they will view Re as being more different from the 

 ideal type than they themselves are. In this sense, Ri to ^5 are type 1 

 individuals, in the sense of Eq. (94). Similarly, R^ to Rn will perceive ^7 

 as being like themselves in that they all share the recessive rf-gene, g[^K 

 Thus, they along with Re may be considered as type 2 individuals, in the 

 sense of Eq. (95), with reference to calculating the S^"^ of Re by Eq. (97). 

 Nj for Re is 6. By a similar logic the S'^'"'> of each individual may be calcu- 

 lated. See Table XV for S'^"^ calculated for every member of an A^ = 11 

 as depicted in Table XIII. 



Each individual will belong to a different-sized A'' of type 2 indi^nduals. 

 This N will hereafter be referred to as Nj to differentiate it from the A^2 

 given in Eq. (97) . By analogy to Eq. (97) : 



^(.-) = N/Ni (107) 



