1. The Social Use of Space 151 



which possess certain recessive c?-genes that I possess." By this method of 

 comparison with individuals who differ more than he does, an individual 

 can know the entire extent of his difference. This is true for all except the 

 7iih. ranked omega individual. As may plainly be seen from Table XIII, 

 7?ii has no basis for comparing his d-gene ^"^j"^ since no other individual 

 shares it. He can only be aware of his divergence including gi^^---g\^^ 

 shared in entirety by Rw. Therefore, by Eq. (107) his 



SM = 11/2 = 5.50 



andby Eq. (108) his 



V = 2/11 = 0.182 

 Therefore, by Eq. (113) his 



n^;-p) = 2.3.33 



Using this \'alue in Table XX the x" for the entire group of 11 mice 

 becomes 2.522, which with 10 degrees of freedom has p = 0.99. I realize 

 that this is only one case and I may justifiably be accused of making a 

 "conceptual mammoth out of a mouse." Yet if animals do recognize their 

 individuality, the only confirmation of such recognition can come through 

 observing that the omega individual in an Nh group exhibits twice the 

 velocity or twice the number of contacts he would otherwise be expected 

 to have. 



It is realized that if the iVj of the iVth ranked animal, the omega in- 

 dividual, is equivalent to that of the (iV — l)th ranked animal, the n^®^^^ 

 for the omega animal will actually be slightly less than 23.33. Likewise 

 the n^^^^^ for all higher ranked animals would be slightly less than stated 

 in Table XV, since 



N N 



R=l S=l 



2. Sanctions and Facilitations 



When the target diameters of all members of N are identical, then the 

 S, in the sense of S'^''\ is identical for all individuals and is equal to 1.0. As 

 target diameters vary in accordance with the system illustrated in Table 

 XIII, S increases except for the alpha first-ranked individual. Such in- 

 creases in S mean that the intensity (duration) of the response evoked 

 from others will be greater. Therefore, intensity of response, the i of the 

 prior formulation, will increase by a factor = aS*"'. 



Let 2^'' represent the intensity of response evoked from every member, 



