152 John B. Calhoun 



e, of A^ compatible with one's own »S'''\ Then it follows from Eq. (70) that 

 for the iih individual 



,■(«) _ C'C'') 



S 



1 



N - 1 



1/2 



(114) 



{(V) represents the imposed restraint or sanction. Sanctions in this sense 

 lead to velocity reduction as exemplified by the mice, i^"^ = i'f^ with 

 reference to self action. 



Where the target diameters of all individuals are identical, Eq. (70) 

 with an AT" of 11 gives an i = 0.316. However, where target diameters differ 

 as given in Table XIII, it may be seen from column 7 in Table XV that 

 S''"^ increases from 1.0 to 5.5. (Here, I am also assuming that the A^'th 

 ranked individual has the same S as the (N — l)th ranked individual for 

 reasons discussed in Section XIV, A, 1.) The mean *S^"^ will be 2.52. There 

 fore, the mean i^"^ becomes 2.52 X 0.316 = 0.816. 



We are considering intensities of interaction involved during imposition 

 of sanctions in the sense of restraints. Therefore, when we consider any 

 individual in the a responsive state, the other individuals from which it 

 evokes an {'-'"'> sanction-type interaction must be considered to be in the p 

 nonresponsive state since the resulting interaction will not contribute to 

 this individual's satiation from social interaction. Every member, e, of A'', 

 which is in the responsive state, a, will exhibit an i^'f intensity of response 

 toward any ith individual, also in the a responsive state, where 



iiV = S)'' 



1 



N - \ 



(115) 



i^^^ represents the intensity of interaction of the individual searching 

 for satisfaction. Similarly the mean z^^^ will also be 0.816 instead of the 

 0.316 which exists when all individuals in an A^ of 11 have the same target 

 diameter. 



= 0.666 



This a^j, represents the mean frustration-type refractory period resulting 

 from the imposition of sanctions in an A^ = 11. Since when all individuals 

 have the same target diameter, z^ = (0.3 1 6) ^ = 0.1, hierarchy formation 

 increases the average amount of stress more than sixfold. No wonder that 

 the i^gi elicited from others became so eflFective in reducing velocity so 

 that each individual's m again equals 1.0. That is, r^S" = 1.0. Although 



