1. The Social Use of Space 153 



intermittent application of sanction, t^''^ may be required to reinforce the 

 V behavior, sanctions still must be primarily a phenomenon of hierarchy 

 formation or role assumption. 



When two individuals, x and y, are both in the a responsive state, their 

 resulting interaction, ii^H^^^ will lead to a satisfying aaa refractory period. 

 Being in the responsive state implies a need for satisfaction from social 

 interaction. Furthermore, during such interactions each must be focusing 

 its attention on the S^'^^ aspects of the other's target diameter. In like 

 fashion, when individual x in the responsive state approaches 2j in the non- 

 responsive state, X exhibits behavior appropriate to ys *S^^\ while y 

 retaliates with a response appropriate to x's *S^"\ 



One individual which is in the responsive phase will have its behavior 

 toward another judged by the latter as appropriate or inappropriate, de- 

 pending upon whether or not the individual approached is also in the re- 

 sponsive state. Appropriate social behavior becomes synonymous with 

 what I have termed "dominant (/-genes." These behaviors must be ap- 

 propriate both in form and in timing, such that the approached individual 

 will be in a similar need state for obtaining satisfaction from social inter- 

 action. Even though a social behavior may seem appropriate with regard 

 to form, if the timing of its expression is not harmonious with the refractory 

 nonresponse state of the individual approached, then the approached in- 

 dividual will judge this behavior as being inappropriate. Inappropriate- 

 ness in this sense becomes what I term a "recessive c?-gene." 



In a perfectly random system, with all individuals exhibiting identical 

 behavior with regard to its form, some individuals will by chance more 

 frequently encounter others who are in a refractory nonresponsive state. 

 Thus, such individuals will be responded to by their associates in identical 

 fashion as they would have been if the form of their behavior were actually 

 inappropriate. To the degree that such structurally appropriate behaviors 

 fail to be reinforced by similar behavior from associates, they may be ex- 

 pected to vary in some random fashion until their form becomes relatively 

 distinct from the original. To the extent that these alterations in behavior 

 become established, they represent clearly recognizable recessive d-genes. 

 Due to this modification of behavior S^''^ will increase and S^^'^ decrease, 

 so even when the approached individual is also in the responsive state the 

 approaching individual will experience less satisfaction from the inter- 

 action than it would have had these random processes not transpired. 



Once M becomes restabilized to 1.0 following the reductions in velocity 

 accompanying hierarchy formation, it will then be possible for two in- 

 dividuals, each in the socially receptive a state, to encounter each other 

 and mutually contribute to each other's need state by an i^^H^^^ - ««» 

 interaction. In this case, each individual's own i^^^ represents its searching 



