1. The Social Use of Space 1^5 



2. Then the p of being chosen was calculated for each individual by 

 Eq. (105). For example: 



3. We then prepared 1000 -pi tokens for each individual. 



4. All these 1014 tokens were placed in a large glass jar. For any "in- 

 dividual" to make three choices, three squares at random were 

 picked out. If an "individual" picked himself, the token was returned 

 to the jar and another "choice" made at random. Similarly, if another 

 individual was chosen twice, one of the two tokens was returned to 

 the jar and another selection made until each "individual" had 

 chosen three different "others." Between drawings all tokens were 

 returned to the jar and the contents mixed. Each such test consisted 

 of 78 "choices." At the end of each test it was possible to tally how 

 many of the 26 "individuals" had never been chosen, chosen once, 

 chosen twice, etc. 



5. Fourteen such independent tests were performed and the mean number 

 of individuals in each choice category was calculated. This mean 

 represents an estimate of the expected. 



These data in Table XVI are plotted in Fig. 36. A smoothed curve ap- 

 proximating the means of the observed and the lottery presumably ap- 

 proximates that conforming to Eq. (105), considering the restrictions im- 

 posed by Moreno. This smoothed curve is called "theoretical" in Fig. 36. 

 Each of the two sets of points varies so closely about this curve as to pro- 

 vide confirmation that my formulation is adequate to account for the ob- 

 served sociometric phenomenon of choice. 



IMoreno and his associates make much of the chains, triangles, etc. of 

 reciprocal or nonreciprocal choices that became apparent in such a socio- 

 metric system. While such patterns may become fixed realities, there is no 

 reason to attribute any condition other than chance to their origin. 



C. The Response-Evoking Capacity Circuraplex 



Schaefer (1959, 1961) presents a conceptual model capable of describing 

 the attitudes, personality or behavior of an individual in a two-dimensional 

 space. This latter is determined by two orthogonal axes of polar opposites. 

 As may be seen in Fig. 37, one axis consists of the polar opposites love and 

 hostility, while the other is represented by control and autonomy. About 



