158 John B. Calhoun 



above equations. These values were then recalculated as proportion of the 

 maximum value. For examples, see tabulation. 



Similarity rank S'"' S^^ S^^'> S(«) 



1 



6 



11 



/S*"^ and iS^^^ with values of 1.0 form polar opposites, as likewise do 

 ^S^-^^ and aS^"\ These polar opposites are shown as a two-dimensional co- 

 ordinate system in Fig. 37. The four "response-evoking capacity" coordi- 

 nate points for each individual are connected by lines. Thus, a square may 

 be delineated for each ranked individual which represents its "life-space" 

 with regard to eliciting responses from associates. 



Schaefer's two-dimensional circumplex description of behavior and 

 personality replaces the relative intensity values of my axis of correlation 

 coefficients. In most comprehensive sets of measures of behavior or per- 

 sonality, he regularly found that two measures which can be equated with 

 the terms love (acceptance) and hostility (rejection) are highly negatively 

 correlated and so form polar opposites which may thus be plotted as polar 

 coordinates at 180 degrees from each other. Similarly, concepts identified 

 by the terms "control" and "autonomy" form polar coordinates opposite 

 each other. Control and autonomy have zero correlation with acceptance 

 and rejection and so the control-autonomy axis lies at right angles to the 

 acceptance-rejection axis. From the center zero point each of the four axes 

 extend outward to represent a maximum correlation coefficient of 1.0 at 

 its extremity. Every other concept in the set is then correlated with each 

 of the four "key" concepts. It is regularly observed that every other con- 

 cept in the set has positive correlations with two of the neighboring polar 

 concepts, and so each may be plotted in this two-dimensional behavior- 

 personality field. 



Such points approximately fall on the circumference of a circle inter- 

 secting the polar coordinates. Schafer calls such a set of points a circumplex. 

 His schematic representation of types of maternal behavior is shown by 

 dots in Fig. 37. Terms connected by arrows to these points denote various 

 kinds of maternal behavior. These maternal behaviors are the types I 

 would anticipate as being directed toward, and derived from, the response- 

 evoking-capacity circumplex determined by *S^^\ ^S^^^ S^^^, and >S^"\ 



Schaefer also reviews many studies by others which harmonize with this 

 conceptualization of behavior and personality. I have included selected 



