1. The Social Use of Space 159 



terms in boxes which carry the "flavor" of what each pole or each t^uadrant 

 represents. 



It will be noted that the response-evoking-capacity life-spaces of the 

 members of any group, as I have described their origin, mainly fall in the 

 first and third quadrant of this two-dimensional space. I shall, therefore, 

 call these two quadrants the "primary life-space." We may inquire how 

 individuals become identified with the other two quadrants, the second and 

 the fourth, which may be called the secondary life-space. 



INIy colleague. Dr. Kyle Barbehenn provided the solution. In examining 

 Table XIII he noted its bilateral symmetry with reference to dominant 

 and recessive c?-genes. In any group recessive d-genes merely represent 

 degrees of divergence from some ideal prototype. The alpha-ranked in- 

 dividual possesses only dominant prototype characteristics, whereas the 

 omega-ranked individual, except for commonly held (d) traits, possesses 

 only divergent and therefore recessive d-genes. But suppose in the history 

 of the group some circumstance led the omega's associates to consider his 

 characteristics as being more desirable than the alpha's. Such a change in 

 attitude would reverse the roles of all individuals, except for the median- 

 ranked individual. The individual who formerly was socially withdrawn 

 and had a low velocity would immediately become a high velocity in- 

 dividual, participating in many social interactions. Likewise, the former 

 alpha individual would become the omega one, losing his "leadership'' 

 role and becoming socially withdrawn. 



This transformation of recessive rf-genes into dominant ones, and vice 

 versa, will still place most of the individuals again within the first and third 

 quadrants of the circumplex life-space. The critical question involves the 

 transition period. In this transition Eqs. (92) and (93) change roles with 

 reference to their application to dominant and recessive c?-genes, as like- 

 wise do Eqs. (107) and (109). There arises the hkelihood that previous to 

 this transition choosing and rejecting will be a more predominant activity 

 than controlling or granting autonomy. If so, S'-^'' will switch to pertain 

 to recessive rf-genes and /S^"^ to dominant d-genes while *S^^^ and S^"'' 

 will retain their orientation toward dominant and recessive c?-genes, re- 

 spectively. Or the reverse could happen if the group were primarily oriented 

 toward the control-autonomy axis. The consequence of these changes are 

 summarized in Table XVII. 



1. Shifts into the Second and Fourth Life-Space Quadrants 

 BY Rats 



No intent is here implied of proving the validity of the general formula- 

 tions. All I have hoped for is to evolve a logical and reasonable formula- 

 tion that may later pro^'e to be a fair first approximation of processes that 



