196 /• J- Christian 



pithecus sp.), marmoset {Callothrix argentata) , slow loris (Loris sp.), colo- 

 bus monkey {Colohus polykomos), and humans. The anatomy of the 

 adrenals of the macaque has been described by Harrison and Asling (1955) . 

 Variations in the histochemistry of the adrenals of cows, rats, and monkeys 

 followmg "stress" or treatment with adrenocorticotropin, cortisone, or 

 deoxycorticosterone were the subject of a paper by Glick and Ochs (1955) . 

 Additional descriptions of the adrenals of cows and other domesticated 

 ungulates are subjects of papers by Elias (1948) and Weber et al., (1950). 

 Finally, Zalesky (1934) described in considerable detail the seasonal 

 histologic changes in the adrenals of thirteen-lined ground squirrels ( Citel- 

 lus tridecemlineatus) . 



The morphology and histochemistry of the adrenals of laboratory and 

 wild house mice have been thoroughly studied, largely because of the 

 endocrine relationships of the transitorj^ X-zone which was first described 

 by Howard (1927). Tamura (1926) wrote a detailed description of the 

 changes during pregnancy in the adrenals of mice. This was followed by 

 Howard's (1927) description of the X-zone and Waring's (1935) descrip- 

 tion of the development of the adrenal glands of the mouse. Following 

 these there was a spate of papers describing the X-zone and its reactions 

 to various hormones and experimental treatments (Gersh andGrollman, 

 1939; Waring, 1942; McPhail and Read, 1942a, b; McPhail, 1944; Jones, 

 1948, 1949a, b, 1950, 1952; Miller, 1949; Benua and Howard, 1950; Howard 

 and Benua, 1950; Jones and Roby, 1954; Allen, 1954; Allen, 1957). The 

 histology and histophysiology of the adrenals of hamsters (Mesocricetus 

 auratus) have been described by Alpert (1950) and Holmes (1955), and 

 the effects of hypophysectomy and starvation on their adrenals by Knigge 

 (1954a, b). 



The adrenals of a number of species of European small mammals have 

 been studied and described by Delost, particular attention being paid to 

 the presence or absence of an X-zone and its relationships to the sexual 

 cycle and sex accessories. The mammals in these studies included Microtus 

 arvalis (Delost 1951; 1952a, b; 1954; 1956a, b) Microtus agrestis (Delost 

 and Delost, 1955), Clethrionomijs glareolus (Delost and Delost, 1954), 

 Pitymys (Delost and Delost, 1955), Sorex araneus (Delost, 1957), and 

 Crocidura (Delost, 1957). 



Immature male and young nuUiparous female house mice (Mus muscu- 

 lus) have an adrenocortical juxtamedullary zone, the X-zone, which un- 

 equivocally shows sex relationships (Howard, 1927; Deanesly, 1928; Jones, 

 1957) . This zone is absent from mature male and parous or old females. 

 Cortical X-zones have been described for a number of other species of 

 small mammals including meadow voles (Microtus agrestis and Microtus 

 arvalis), red-backed voles (Clcthrionomys glareolus, pine voles (Pitymys 



