THE ENDOCRINAL ORGANS 



463 



properties, these cells vary from cells with strong affinity for dyes to 

 those with weak affinity. Some are acidophilic, some basophilic. The 

 acidophilic cells are conspicuous in cases of gigantism, while sex derange- 

 ment is associated \^'ith changes in the basophilic. In the pars intermedia 

 some colloid-filled folHcles resembling those of the thyroid occur among 

 the cell cords. The cells of the posterior lobe are chiefly neuroglia cells 

 with numerous connective tissue fibers. (Fig. 384, F) 



Physiology. One of the important functions of the anterior lobe is 

 the stimulation of growth. Enlarged pituitary in early life is accom- 



MASSA INTERMEDIA THAJ.AM 

 SULCUS ClMGJ_ 

 GYRUS CINGULl 



SUPERIOR 

 FRONfTAL GYRUS 



HALAMUS 



•CENTRAL SULCUS 



CHORIOIDEA C3 RD VENT.) 

 CORPUS CAU-OSUM 



POSTERIOR COMMISSURE 

 PINEAL BOW 



SUBPARIETAL SULCUS 



FORN 



FRONTAL POLE ' 

 ANTERIOR COMMISSURE' 



TEJ»/(INAL LMMI-^ 



OPTIC NERVE—' 

 OPTIC CHIASMA" 

 IhfUNDIBULUM • 



hypophysis' 

 mammillary boo 

 oculomotor nzr/e 



PONS' 

 FOURTH VENTRICLE' 



MEDULLA' 

 CENTRAL CANAL' 



LAMINA QUADRIGEMINA 



OCCIPITAL LOBE 



CAlCARINA FISSURE 



UNGUAL GYRUS 

 OCCIPITAL POLE 



'CEREBELLUM 

 CHORIOIDEA C4TH VENT.) 



-SPINAL CORD 



Fig. 383. — The human brain in median section and aspect. The pituitary gland 

 (hypophysis) is attached to the infundibulum of the brain and embedded in the sella 

 turcica of the sphenoid bone. (Redrawn after Sobotta.) 



panied by excessive bone growth. Deficient secretion, on the other 

 hand, produces a certain t>'pe of dwarf, the ateliotic dwarf or "midget." 

 Administration of anterior lobe extract has in some instances increased 

 the height of such dwarfs. 



After the growth of the long bones has ceased, as in the normal adult, 

 it is of course impossible to stimulate further growth in height. But 

 when, as the result of tumorous enlargement, anterior lobe secretion is 

 increased, a local growth of bone, sometimes asymmetrical, may occur. 

 Such cases of acromegaly are not infrequent, .\nother effect of excessive 

 pituitary secretion is increased hairiness, like that caused by h}-pertrophy 

 of the adrenal cortex. 



Removal of the anterior lobe in young animals is followed by cessation 

 of growth and by increase in fatty tissue. In this way it is possible 

 to produce ateliotic dwarfs experimentally. Experiments also demon- 

 strate that deficiency of anterior lobe hormone in young animals results 



