354 EMBRYOLOGY OF INSECTS AND MYRIAPODS 



be found among certain Coleoptera. Tliis dorsal wall later becomes 

 somewhat wrinkled at the posterior end of the embryo before its replace- 

 ment by the ectoderm. After the closure of the umbilical passage and 

 the dorsal wall of the mid-gut and the breaking down of the stomodaeal 

 membrane, the esophagus telescopes a short distance into the mid-gut, 

 forming the esophageal valve. Some time after 112 hours, the outer 

 remaining part of the amnion is ruptured, and the larva begins feeding 

 upon it and upon the yolk material which is still present between the 

 amnion and serosa. At 132 hours, or five and one-half days after the 

 deposition of the egg, the larva, having wholly consumed the remaining 

 yolk and the serosa, liberates itself by rupturing the vitelline membrane 

 and the chorion. 



References 



Trichoptera: Mystacides sp.; Graber (18886). M. nigra; Weismann (1864). 

 Neophylax sp.; Graber (18886). A'', concinnus; Patten (1884). Phryganea sp.; 

 Brandt (1878), Melnikoff (1869), Zaddach (1854). 



Lepidoptera: Bott (1924), Herold (1815), Hirschler (19076,c), Hollande (1930), 

 Meissner (1855), Pictet (1906), Schwangart (1905), Stuhlmann (1886). Abraxas 

 grossulariata; Doncaster (1914). Antheraea peryi; Saito (1934). Attacks cynthia; 

 Schwartze (1899). A. mylilta; Selvatico (1881). Bombyx mori; Acqua (1932), 

 Bataillon and Tchou (1928, 1931, 1933), Beer (1932), Bugini (1931, 1932), Delia 

 Corte (1925), Dohrn (1876), Foa (1924, 1937), Ganin (1869), Goldschmidt and 

 Katsuki (1928), Graber (1888b, 18906), Grandori (1914-1932), Henking (1888a. 

 18906, 18916, 1892), Hibbard (1932), Ikeda (1906), Jucci (1926, 1934), Masera (1935), 

 Niceta (1930), Plagniol (1886), Rizzi (1912), Selvatico (1881), Strindberg (19156), 

 Takahashi (1911), Tangl (1909), Tichomiroff (1879, 1882, 1885), Tirelli (1934, 1935, 

 1939), Tokunaga (1929), Tonon (1925), Toyama (1902), Umeya (1937), Vaney and 

 Conte (1911), Verson (1909), Wong and Li (1934), Zanini (1930). Bombyx quercus; 

 Herold (1839). Botys hyalinalis; Jeffrey {1S87), Oshorn {ISS5). Carpocapsa pomon- 

 ella; Wiesmann (1935). Catocala nupta; Hirschler (1906). Chaerocampa elpenor; 

 Friedmann (1934). Colias hecla; Klots (1935). Cossus sp.; Bessels (1867). Dia- 

 crisia virginica; Johannsen (1928, 1929), Richards (1932). D. latipennis; Richards 

 (1932). Dilina tilae; Vaternahm (1918). Endromis sp.; Schwangart (1904). E. 

 vericolor; Schwangart (1907). Ephestia kuhniella; Drummond (1936), Sehl (1931). 

 Estigmene acraea, E. congrua; Richards (1932). Eudemis naevana; Huie (1918). 

 Euprepria lubricipeda; Meissner (1855). Euproctis chrysorrhoea; Hatschek (1877), 

 Schwartze (1899). Euvanessa antiopa; Woodworth (1889). Galleria mellonella; 

 Tchang (1929). Gastropacha sp.; Bessels (1867), Graber (18886, 1890). G. querci- 

 folia; Graber (1888a). G pini; Kowalewsky (1871). Isia isabella; Richards (1932). 

 Lasiocampa fasciatella; Schwartze (1899). Leucoma salicis; Henking (1888a, 18906, 

 18916, 1892). Liparis sp.; Bessels (1867). L. salicis; Meissner (1855). Nyssia 

 florentina; Grandori (1932). Odonestis potatoria; Friedmann (1934). Orgyia antiqua; 

 bhristensen (1937). Pieris sp.; Brandt (1878), Graber (18886, 1891a). P. brassicae; 

 Grandori (1925), Henking (1888a, 1890a), Henson (1932), Herold (1839), Pieta (1935, 

 1936), Schwartze (1899). P. crataegi; Brandt (1880). P. rapae; Eastham (1927, 

 1930). Pontia sp.; Bessels (1867). Papilio sp.; Goossens (1885). Phragmatobia 

 fuliginosa; Seller (1924). Plodia inter punctella; Mtiller (1938). Porthesia chrysor- 

 rhoea, P. auriflua; Schwartze (1899). Porthetria dispar; Goldschmidt (1917, 1931), 



