380 EMBRYOLOGY OF INSECTS AND MYRIAPODS 



little farther back still there is no longer any evidence of entoderm, the two 

 mesodermic diverticula appearing as a flattened tube. At the extreme 

 posterior end the mesoderm is again lacking. It will be observed that 

 the anterior section (Fig. 335 A) indicates simple gastrulation with only 

 the ectodermic wall and an inner entodermic lining, whereas the section 

 shown in Fig. 335B indicates the formation of the mesodermic diverticula 

 in a manner similar to that of the chaetognath Sagitta (Fig. 40). In the 

 middle region, where the entoderm is lacking, the flattened mesodermic 

 tube is evident. This theory of the formation of the muscid embryo 

 by the process of gastrulation analogous to that of Sagitta, because of its 

 plausibihty, has had a number of adherents. 



References 



Mecoptera: Panorpa; Brandt (1878). 



Siphonaptera: Ctenocephalides Jelis; Kessel (1939). See also Pulex. Hystricho- 

 psylla dippiei; Kessel (1939). Nosopsyllus fasciatus; Kessel (1939). Phthirius pubis; 

 Grimm (1870). Pulex canis; Packard (1872), Weismann (1863). P. erinacei; 

 Strindberg (1917a). P. felis; Balbiani (1875). P. serratipes; Tichomirowa (18906). 

 Xenopsylla cheopis; Cameron (1940). 



Diptera: Carriere (1886), Heymons (1893fe), Ravetta (1931), Rostrand (1927), 

 Stuhlmann (1886), Townsend (1934). Anopheles sp.; Christophers (1911), Hinman 

 (1932). A. maculipennis; Nicholson (1921). Calliphora; see also Miisca. C. 

 erythrocephala; Noack (1901), Parker (1922), Pauli (1927), Strasburger (1933, 1934). 

 C. vomitoria; Blochmann (1887), Escherich (1900, 1901), Graber (18886, 18896), 

 Henking (1888-1892), Herold (1839), Korschelt (1886), Tangl (1909), Verhain 

 (1921), Voeltzkow (1888, 1889), Waldeyer (1870), Weismann (1863). Cecidomyiidae; 

 Graber (18886). Chironomidae; Branch (1931), Brandt (1878), Sebess v. Zilah 

 (1932). Chironomus sp.; Craven (1909), Graber (18886), Grimm (1870), Hasper 

 (1910, 1911), Jaworowsky (1880), Kolliker (1843), Kupffer (1866), Ritter (1890), 

 Robin (1862), Sachtleben (1918), Weismann (1864, 1882). C. confinis; Hasper 

 (1911). C. dorsalis; Miall and Hammond (1900). C. grimmi; Schneider (1885). 

 C. riparius; Hasper (1911). C. zonatus; Kolliker. Compsilura cincinnata; Hegner 

 (1915). Crataerrhina pallida; Hardenburg (1929). Culex sp.; Nath (1925). Cidi- 

 cidae; Hinman (1932). Drosophila sp. and D. melanogaster; Bodenstein (1938, 1939), 

 Child and Howland (1933), Dobzhansky (1931), Ephrussi (1925), Geigy (1926, 1927, 

 1931), Hanson and Heys (1938), Henshaw (1934), Howland (1932), Huettner (1923, 

 1924, 1927, 1935), Morgan (1914), Poulson (1937), Rabionowitz (1937), Smith (1935), 

 Sonnenblick (1934), Strasburger (1935), Sturtevant (1929), Wolflf and Ras (1934), 

 Woskressensky (1928). Lipotena cervi; Hardenburg (1929). Lucilia sp.; Escherich 

 (1902), Graber (18886). L. caesar; Escherich (1900), Graber (18896). L. illustris 

 {= silvestris); Noack (1901). Melophagus ovinus; Hardenburg (1929), Lassmann 

 (1936), Leuckart (1858a), Pratt (1897, 1901). Miastor sp.; Leuckart (18586), 

 Metschnikoff (1865, 18666), Pagenstecker (1864), Wagner (1865). M. americana; 

 Hegner (1912, 1914, 1915), Huettner (1934). M. metraloas; Gabritschewsky (1928, 

 1930), Hanin (1865), Kahle (1908), Meinert (1864), Siebold (1864). Musca (see also 

 Calliphora); Bruce (1887), Biitschli (1888), Escherich (1900, 1901), Graber (18886), 

 Kowalewsky (1886), Weismann (18916). M. domestica; Husain (1927), Pauli (1927), 

 Reith (1925), Verhain (1921). Muscids; Schmidt (1889). Oligarces sp. Harris (1924). 

 O. paradoxus; Ulrich (1936). Ophyra cadaverina; Tangl (1909). Phormia regina; 



