Appendix 



ELEMENTARY BIOMETRICAL INFERENCES 



I. Introduction: Statistics and Parameters 



II. Discrete Variables 



A. Range of Statistics Expected from a Parameter Involving One Variable 



B. Range of Parameters Expected from a Statistic Involving One Variable 



C. Specific Probabilities Expected from Parameters Involving One Variable 



1. Rules of probability 



a. The addition rule 



b. The multiplication rule 



2. The binomial expression 



D. Comparing Observed with Expected Statistics 



1. The binomial test of a parameter involving one variable 



2. The confidence interval test of a parameter involving one variable 



3. Chi-square test of a parameter involving one variable 



4. Chi-square test of a parameter involving two or more variables 



E. Comparisons Between Statistics 



1. Involving one variable 



a. Observed difference vs. expected standard deviation 



b. The plus-minus test 



c. Contingency table approach to the chi-square test 



2. Involving two or more variables 

 Contingency table approach to the chi-square test 



III. Indiscrete Variables 



A. Parameters and the Normal Curve 



The normal curve vs. the binomial distribution 



B. Statistics Expected from a Normal Curve 



1. Distribution of individual statistics 



2. Distribution of the means expected for groups of statistics 



3. Testing hypotheses regarding y. 



a. The r test 



b. The t test 



c. Confidence intervals for \i 



d. Comparison of Xi and X2 



IV. The Power of the Test 



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