70 EXPEKIMENT STATION EECOED. 



as seen at Islington and Deptforcl, as contrasted with customs in American live- 

 stock markets. In 1911, 50,324 cattle were received at Islington, as compared 

 with 223,600 in 1887, and the number of sheep 330.745, as compared with 877,810 

 in 1893. At Deptford the number of cattle arriving in 1911 was 66,877, a 

 decline of about 5,000 from the previous year. It is thought that there will be; 

 a still further decline in both markets. 



Beproduction and inheritance in race hygiene, M. von Gruber and E. RiJDiN 

 (FortpflanziDig Vcrcrhiiiig RassenJnjgienc. Munich, 1911, pp. 178, figs. 230). — 

 This contains photographs and detailed descriptions of the exhibits at the 

 International Hygiene Exhibition held at Dresden, 1911, which illustrate repi'o- 

 duction, variability, selection, mutation, inheritance of acquired characters, 

 laws of inheritance, Mendel's law, inheritance in man, degeneracy, race hygiene, 

 and neomalthusianism. 



A bibliography of about 1,000 titles on these topics is appended. 



The Bakker-Dettweiler theory of the ancestry of the black and white 

 cattle, H. Laessig {Mitt. Deut. Landiv. Qesell., 21 {1912), 'Mo. 2, pp. 21-24).— 

 The author believes that the conclusions of Bakker and Dettweiler (E. S. R., 

 26, p. 166), regarding the color of cattle at different times in the history of 

 Holland are erroneous, because they are based largely on the colors of cattle 

 in paintings. The Dutch painters were colorists, and consequently used color 

 in many cases where it did not occur in nature. 



On the origin and classification of our domesticated cattle, P. Holdefleiss 

 {Illus. Landw. Ztg., 31 {1911), No. 86, pp. 805-807).— The author thinks that 

 the introduction of black cattle fi'om Jutland to Holland took place much 

 earlier than stated by Dettweiler (E. S. R., 26, p. 166). In the study of 

 relationships, it is thought that too much emphasis has been laid upon osteo- 

 logical differences, wliereas pigmentation and other physiological properties 

 have been minimized. 



The origin and classification of our domesticated cattle, G. Laurer {Illus. 

 Landw. Ztg., 31 {1911), No. 91, pp. 8oO, 8.5i).— The author points out that pig- 

 mentation is of little diagnostic value because the different breeds can not be 

 separated into spotted and shaded types as Holdefleiss indicates in the article 

 noted above. The question of geographical distribution of breeds is also 

 discussed. 



The cattle of Friuli, E. Mascheroni {Corriere MacelU, 2 {1911), No. 2, pp. 

 15-20; abs. in Intcrnat. Inst. Agr. [Rome]. Bui. Bur. Agr. Intel, and Plant Dis- 

 eases, 2 (1911), No. 6, pp. 11/03, t'tO'i). — A general and statistical article on the 

 cattle industry in Friuli. Since 1878 the cattle have been much improved by 

 crossing the native draft stock with the Simmental. There are about 250 co- 

 operative creameries in the province, and 70.000 calves are exported annually. 

 The methods of fattening cattle are described. 



Seturns at the Modena slaughterhouse, G. Squadrini {Corriere MacelU, 

 2 {1911), No. 3, p. 32; ahs. in InterTint. Inst. Agr. [Ronie], Bui. Bur. Agr. Intel, 

 and Plant Diseases, 2 {1911), No. 6, pp. U19, i//20).— Data show that the 

 Modena lowland breed of cattle is superior In net returns to the mountain 

 breed, and also to other breeds slaughtered except the Bologna, Romagnole, 

 and Friuli breeds. 



The exportation of cattle, C Roblls and A. V. Hernandez {Econ. Mcxicano, 

 52 {1911), No. 19, pp. 361-365). — This contains statistics on the exports of 

 cattle and hides from Mexico. From 1903 to 1910, inclusive, 983,899 head of 

 cattle and 84,692 tons of hides were exported. 



On the effects of castration and ovariotomy upon sheep, F. H. A. Marshall 

 {Proc. Roy. Soe. [London]. Scr. B, 85 {1912), No. B 576, pp. 27-32).— This 



