DAIRY FARMING DAIRYING. 73 



man, who shows why, in his opinion, it is not practical to breed the 200-egg 

 fowl. 



Bacteriological studies of newly laid eg-gs, O. Maurer (Kansas Sta. Bui. 

 J 80, pp. 360-396, figs. 2). — The object of these experiments was to determine the 

 amount of infection in eggs and the factors influencing it during their forma- 

 tio.i. After some preliminary experiments to determine the number of bacteria 

 in the egg, this work was given up and work limited to determine the number 

 of eggs infected. 



There was a tendency for the Infected eggs to occur in small groups of 2, 3, 

 or even 4, although there were cases where this tendency did not occur. No 

 endeavor was made to express this tendency in more concise mathematical 

 form, because only alternate eggs had been subjected to bacteriological exami- 

 nation, and because the number of eggs being laid outside the trap nests was 

 quite large. 



As the result of the experiments the following conclusions were drawn : 

 " Eighteen and one-tenth per cent of the total number of eggs analyzed showed 

 bacterial growth at room temperature, while only S..3 per cent showed growth at 

 blood temperature. Of the infected eggs. 82 per cent were infected in the yolk, 

 25.9 per cent in the white, and only 7.0 per cent in both white and yolk. The 

 bacterial content of eggs undergoes great seasonal changes, generally increasing 

 with the rise in temperature. No definite relation could be traced between 

 the bacterial content of eggs and their hatching qualities. No relation could be 

 found between the age of the fowls and the bacterial content of their eggs. No 

 definite influence of the fattening ration upon the number of eggs infected and 

 upon tlioir hatching qualities could be observed." 



A bibliography is appended. 



The fertility of hen eggs, D. F. Laurie (Jour. Dept. Agr. So. Aust., 15 

 (1912). AV>. 7, p. 72.3).— Most of the eggs were found to be fertile until 7 or 8 

 days after the cock was removed from the pen. None were fertile after 17 days. 



Contributions to the artificial incubation of fowls, J. Paechtnee (Deut. 

 Landw. Pressc, 39 (1912), Nos. 12, pp. 126, 121 ; IS, pp. 189, 1J,0, figs. 9).— 

 Tests made of an incubator, which is illustrated and described, are reported in 

 detail. 



How to raise chicks, P. T. Woods (Chicago. 1912, pp. 123, figs. 33).— This 

 book was written for the practical poultryman and covers the selecting, breed- 

 ing, and management of fowls. 



DAIRY FARMING— DAIRYING. 



Practical lessons from the management of the university dairy herd, 

 G. C. Humphrey and F. W. Woll (^Yisconsin Sta. Bui. 211, pp. 3-31,, figs. //).— 

 This contains data on milk production of the dairy herd during the 2 years fol- 

 lowing the report previously noted (E. S. R., 22, p. 677). 



The average record for 22 cows was 7.978.2 lbs. of milk and 352.51 lbs. of fat 

 in 1909-10, and 8,536.3 lbs. of milk and 354.77 lbs. of fat in 1910-11. The value 

 of the products for the 2 years was $121.71 and $114.41, respectively. The net 

 profit per cow was reduced from $69.16 the first year to $48.09 the second year, 

 due to the lower prices for dairy products and the higher prices for feed. Over 

 1 lb. of milk fat and 24 lbs. of milk were produced daily per cow during the 

 winter months. 



High protein rations were less economical than medium jirotein rations. It 

 is recommended that some high protein roughage, as alfalfa and clover hay, be 

 available on every dairy farm in order to reduce the cost of rations. During 

 the first weeks of pasturage the cows gained in production but lost in weight, 



