158 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



season and it has done efficient work. With high pressure and proper adjust- 

 ment of the nozzles the insect can be efficiently controlled." 



Fighting leaf -hoppers in the vineyard, F. H. Hall {New York State 8ta. 

 Bui. 3-i4< popular ed., pp. 8, figs. 3). — ^A popular edition of the above. 



Burn the chinch bug in winter quarters, T. J. Headlee (Kansas Sta. (^irc. 

 19, pp. 8, figs. 7). — This circular calls attention to the fact that it is impera- 

 tively necessary for the farmer to determine in the fall whether his grasses 

 are harboring a dangerous number of chinch bugs, and to the importance of 

 burning infested grasses late in the fall or early winter, as most of the bugs 

 not killed by the fire perish from exposure. 



Records made of the average winter mortality in different types of cover are 

 as follows: Bunch grass 65 per cent; big bluestem 65 per cent; dry pieces of 

 manure 98 per cent; Osage oranges 99 per cent; rubbish, leaves, etc., 99 per 

 cent; turnips 99 per cent; corn husks and stalks 100 per cent; and Osage 

 orange tree bark 100 per cent. 



The great value of winter burning was demonstrated in the fall of 1910 in an 

 area of 25 square miles in northern Sumner County, " During the months of 

 November and December, 1910, a rectangular block, 3^ miles wide by 5 miles, 

 long, was stripped of its chinch-bug cover by fire and the remaining 7i square 

 miles were more or less completely burned. Although the burning was not as 

 close as was desired, the average length of the stubble being 1.5 in., whereas 

 it should have been less than 1 in., an average of 738 bugs out of every thousand 

 present when the firing began were destroyed, and this mortality was raised 

 to 984 per thousand by the first of the following March." 



" From the time the bugs appeared in the wheat in the spring, as an average, 

 they were from 6 to 20 times more numerous in the unburned district than in 

 the burned sections. . . . The yield of the burned area averaged about 2.1 bu. 

 more per acre than that of the unburned, showing that a saving of about $7,000 

 was effected in wheat alone. Oats, being only slightly infested, showed little 

 difference in yield. In the burned area the reduction of bugs was so great 

 that no corn was killed at harvest time, while in the unburned area from 1 to 

 40 rows standing adjacent to wheat were sucked dry and completely ruined." 



A map is given of the burned area and surrounding territory. 



The San Jose scale in Missouri, L. Haseman (Missouri .S7a. Bui. 98, pp. 

 61-116, figs. 16). — This is a general account of the San Jose scale, its history and 

 introduction into aiissouri, provisions for its control in Missouri, present dis- 

 tribution in the State, life history and appearance, development, reproduction, 

 period of larval activity, methods of spread, food plants, injury, natural ene- 

 mies, and remedial measures, with a brief report of control experiments. 



The scale was first introduced into Missouri between 1891 and 1894. At the 

 present time infestations have been located in one-third of the counties of the 

 State, though the bulk of the scale is confined to some 6 counties. "The 

 nurseries of the State so far as examined had remained apparently free of the 

 scale until 1906, but since then slight infestations have been found in 8 or 4 

 small local nurseries and in 3 of the larger ones, but in each case it has been 

 stamped out. . . . 



"The lime-sulphur wash is by far the cheapest on the market, and when 

 properly prepared and applied is just as effective for the control of the scale 

 as any of the other washes, besides being an excellent remedy for plant lice 

 and having fungicidal properties. ... Of the 4 miscible oils tested it is impos- 

 sible to detect any difference in their effect upon the scale. A fall and spring 

 application of either of them at a strength of 1 : 15 is thoroughly effective. 

 They should not be used at a greater strength except when only one application 

 can be given, when 1 gal. of oil to 10 or 12 gal. of water will prove effective. 



