EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 211 



METEOROLOGY— WATER. 



The climate of Ohio, J. W. Smith {Ohio Sta. Bui. 235, pp. lSo-209, figs. 15).— 

 The available records on temperature, precipitation, humidity, sunshine, first 

 and last frosts, and wind movement are summarized in tables and charts. 



It is shown that the average annual temperature for Ohio during the period 

 from 1SS3 to 1010, inclusive, was 50.7° F. July is shown to be the warmest 

 month, with an average temiierature of 73.1° ; January the coldest month, with 

 a moan temperature of 27.7° F. At some time during this period the temi)era- 

 ture went below zero in each month from November to March, inclusive, and 

 below freezing in every month in the year except July. The average annual 

 precipitation for the State as a whole during the period from 1854 to 1910, 

 inclusive, was 38.89 in. June has shown the greatest average rainfall, with 4.13 

 in.; October the least, with an average of 2.52 in. "The snowfall averages less 

 than 20 in. in the extreme southern portion of Ohio, and over (JO in. in 

 northeastern counties. The inevailing winds are from the southwest over most 

 of the State, and vary slightly with the season." The average numb<*r of rainy 

 days is 122. 



" Ohio is in the path of a large i)art of the general low pressure or storm areas 

 which move across the United States from west to east. These areas move at 

 an average siXM^d of 600 miles in 24 hours and are preceded by southerly winds 

 and higher temi»erature and followed by northerly winds and lower temperature. 

 They are usually accompanied by chuidy weather and precii»itation and each 

 storm causes an average of from one to two rainy days at each place as they 

 pass. . . . 



"As there is an average of two of these storm areas each week with fair 

 weather periods between them, it follows that the change in weather conditions 

 is rather rapid. One or two days of stormy weather preceded by higher and 

 followed by lower temi)eratures, succeeded by one or two days of fair weather 

 preceded by lower and followed by higher temi)eratures, to be repeated in turn, 

 makes up the usual routine for the week. 



" Yet Ohio is far enough from the coast so that the damaging Gulf and Atlan- 

 tic storms lose very much of their severity before reaching [the State]. The 

 northwestern cold waves pass across the State with sufficient intensity to venti- 

 late and invigorate the towns and cities and send their health-giving winds into 

 all parts of the State, and yet the cold waves are not so severe in Ohio as in 

 corresponding latitudes in the Mississippi and Missouri valleys." 



Meteorological observations at the Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment 

 Station, J. E. Ostrander and R. N. IIallowell (llassachusctts Sta. Met. Buls. 

 219, 2S0, pp. 4 each). — Summaries of observations at Amherst, Mass., on pres- 

 sure, temperature, humidity, ^ireciiiitation, wind, sunshine, cloudiness, and 

 casual phenomena during March and April, 1912. The data are briefly dis- 

 cussed in general notes on the weather of each month. 



The weather of 1911 at the Midland Agricultural and Dairy Cellege, 

 Kingston-on-Soar, Notts, F. Wakerley {Midlaiid Agr. and Dairy Col. Bill. 7, 

 1911-12, pp. 61-66, figs. 2). — The record of air and soil temperature, rainfall, 

 frosts, and other weather conditions for 1911 is compared with those of the 

 previous 6 years. 



This shows that at this institution, which is situated at Kingston-on-Soar, Not- 

 tinghamshire, the mean temperature was 49.6° F., a little above the average; the 

 maximum, 95.3° (on August 8), the highest on record; and the minimum, 14.2°, 

 on February 1. The annual rainfall, 18.01 in., was much below the average 

 of 25 in. The number of rainy days was 156 as against 204 the previous year. 



Report of the work of the station of agricultural climatology of Juvisy 

 during 1910, C. Flaaimarion {Bui. Mens. Off. Renseig. Agr. [Paris], 11 {1912), 



