HOKTICULTURE. 239 



tirely to the use of open charcoal or wood fires in curing shade-grown wrapix^r 

 leaf. Experiments on a commercial scale in cooperation with growers have 

 demonstrated the value of artificial heat in general for curing cigar types. 

 A method of applying heat by the use of a furnace and flues, which has given 

 very satisfactory results, has been worked out in detail. 



The topics discussed include the conditions essential to the changes in prop- 

 erties and comiKJsition during the process, the prevention of pole-sweat, or 

 pole-burn, the effect of the use of artificial heat on quality, the use of charcoal 

 and flues in curing, and the construction of barns adapted to the use of heat. 



[Tobacco hybrid and Mendelian inheritance], V. Paolini (Bol. Tec. Coltiv. 

 Tahacchi [Scafciti], 10 (1911), No. 5, pp. 208-272).— The author discusses a 

 local tobacco hybrid with special reference to Mendelian inheritance. This 

 " Salento " hybrid was produced by crossing 2 varieties designated as Kentucky 

 and Cattaro. 



[Seed analyses and plant breeding- at Zurich], F. G. Stebleb (Landic. Jnlirb. 

 Schicciz, 26 {1012), No. 1, pp. i6).— This reiwrt presents data for 1010 similar 

 to the report already noted (E. S. R., 23, p. 239). 



Agricultural observations in North America, with special reference to 

 plant breeding, K. vox Kumkke and E. von Tscuerjuak (Landw. Jahrh., 39 

 (1010), Ergiinzungsh. 6, pp XVI + l.')t, pis. ^^).— This is a review of the various 

 lines of research in plant and animal breeding in North America, esi>ecially in 

 plant breeding, together with a brief account of the agricultural institutions 

 of the United States and descriptions of tjiiical agencies. 



Organization for plant breeding, K. von Rijmkeb (Ueber OrgarHsation der 

 Pflaiizrnziiclitung. Berlin, 1909, pp. 56). — The author discusses the organization 

 of the plant-bi-eeding work conducted in Vienna, Loosdorf, Weihenstephan, 

 Munich, Ilolicnheim, and Sval(>f. References are given to other publications 

 which deal with the work at some of these points. 



HORTICULTURE. 



Influence of crossing in increasing the yield of the tomato, R. Wellington 

 (New York State Sta. Bui. 3't6, pp. 57-76*).— This comprises a study of the 

 effect of cross-fertilizing related tomato varieties on the yield of the hybrid 

 plants. Some of the more important experiments in plant hybridization are 

 reviewed and a bibliography is appended. SuggestionB are given for growing 

 hybrid seed. 



The experiments were conducted in the summers of 190S-1910 and also in 

 the winter of 1908-9. The first experiment was started with seed from self- 

 fertilized plants of the Livingston Stone and Dwarf Aristocrat and from Dwarf 

 Aristocrat X Livingston Stone, and Dwarf Aristocrat X Hedrick. The yield 

 from the first generation (Fi) seedlings resulted in a marked increase over the 

 yield of the parent forms. Similar results were secui'ed with Fi seedlings in the 

 summers of 1909 and 1910. The 190S-9 winter experiment comprised a test of Fa 

 seedlings, all of the dwarf plants that appeared in this second generation being 

 discarded. The results were similar to those seciu'ed in Fi summer tests 

 although the differences in favor of the crosses were much less marked. 



The summer experiment in 1909 was conducted with Fi, Fj, and F3 seedlings. 

 The Fi and F2 seedlings showed practically the same increase in yield over the 

 parent forms, whereas the yield of Fs seedlings was nearly identical with the 

 Livingston Stone parent. The experiment in 1910 was continued to the fourth 

 generation of seedling.s. The Fi seedlings gave the highest yield, the Fz seedlings 

 the next highest, whereas the F3 and Fi seedlings both gave yields considerably 



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