FORESTRY. 243 



On the occurrence of arsenate of lead in the wine, lees, and seeds obtained 

 in vineyards treated with arsenate of lead, P. Carles and L. Barthk (Bui. 

 Soc. Chim. France, -}. ser., 11 {1D12), Xo. S, pp. ///3-.'/i7). — Analyses of wines 

 taken from vines sprayed with an excess of arsenate of lead showed only slight 

 traces of arsenic and of lead. No arsenic or lead were found in wines obtained 

 from vines normally treated. Larger amounts of arsenic and of lead were found 

 in the lees of grapes receiving arsenical sprays, however, and the authors con- 

 clude that where the wines contain an undue proportion of lees a certain amount 

 of the arsenic and the lead will occur in the wine. The danger of poisoning 

 from this cause, however, is not considered serious. 



FORESTRY. 



Second-growth hardwoods in Connecticut, F.. H. Feothingham (U- 8. Dept. 

 Agr., Forest Hcrv. liiil. 9(1, pp. 70. pJs. 6, fifff<. 3). — This comprises the results of 

 a study conducted cooperatively by the Forest Service and the Connecticut State 

 Station to determine the rate of growth of second-growth hardwoods in Con- 

 necticut, the value of the standing timber for different uses, and the method 

 of management to secure the maximum yield of most valuable material in the 

 shortest time. 



Part 1 deals with the present forest conditions in Connecticut, including a 

 description of the second-growth tyi)es. Part 2 discusses methods of selling 

 timber, market values and uses of native forest products, logging costs, and 

 value of standing timber for different uses. In part 3 the factors which in- 

 fluence the yield of even-age<l hardwood stands are discussed. General yield 

 tables, together with yield tables for cordwood, lumber, ties, and poles are 

 given with directions for their use. Growth tables for average even-aged 

 hardwood stands are also included. In part 4 the management of hardwood 

 stands is discussed under the general headings of choice of species, factors 

 influencing rotation, thinnings, final cutting and reproduction, protection, and 

 financial returns. A number of volume tables, together with tables showing the 

 yield of individual oak and oak-chestnut stands are appended. 



The testing of pine seeds, ITaack {Ztschr. Forst u. Jagdw., .'/.'/ (1912), Nos. Jf, 

 pp. 193-222, figs. 7; 5, pp. 273-307, pi. 1). — In continuation of previous in- 

 vestigations (E. S. R., 21, p. 441), extensive experiments were conducted in 

 1910 and 1911 to study the influence of individual germination factors, such as 

 the time of the year when tests are made, moisture, heat, light, and chemical 

 treatment of seed, as well as to determine the practical application of the ratio 

 between the germinative energy of a seed sample and the number of seedlings 

 ]iroduced therefrom in determining the market value of the sample. The ex- 

 periments are described in detail, together with a discussion of their applica- 

 tion and value as compared with methods generally used in testing pine seeds. 



The author found that tests of pine, and spruce seeds as well, may be con- 

 ducted at any time of the year, providing conditions favorable to germination, 

 such as moisture, heat, and light can be provided for. 



Although germination at low temperatures was found to begin later and to 

 spread out over a longer period than at high temperatures, the relation between 

 germination temperature and the germination duration is such that the product 

 of the time period and the number of seedlings is practically the same whether 

 the tests are conducted at high or low temperatures. Varying high temperatures 

 have a stimulating effect on the germination of pine seed but not on spruce 

 seed. This effect is somewhat similar to the effect of light exposure but not 

 so powerful as the latter effect. A constant temperature of 25° C. is recom- 

 mended for seed testing stations. 



