262 EXPEEIMENT STATION RECORD. 



parts and specially armored liead. From the data at baud it seems most likely 

 tliat the time of attack upon the host larva follows at once upon the finding 

 of another parasite within the caterpillar. 



" Just wnat is the effect upon the caterpillar itself which is infested by Peri- 

 lampus but which contains no primary parasite is a matter for conjecture. It 

 seems likely, however, that its presence would not prevent the caterpillar from 

 reaching its full development and it is probably only slightly inconvenienced 

 if affected at all. . . . 



" In case the planidium chooses a maggot of Varichsfta as its host, it re- 

 mains endoparasitic until the puparium is formed. During the process of 

 histolysis the Perilampus either orients itself in such a manner that it will bo 

 external to the tachinid pupa when pupation is completed, or it emerges? from 

 the pupa immediately after pupation ; in either case, of course, it remains 

 within the puparium. When parasitic upon this host the planidium, so far at 

 least as the writer has been able to learn, normally hibernates in this stage* 

 and probably without nourishment." 



In the case of the ophioniue parasite L. vaUclum, which emerges from the 

 older caterpillars in the fall and hibernates as a larva in a silken cocoon, 

 P. hyalinus appears always to remain endoparasitic throughout the winter. 

 Dissections of hundreds of the puparia and cocoons brought to light the fact 

 that whether the winter was passed ectoparasitically as upon tachinids, or 

 endoparasitically, as upon L. vaUduni, is dependent entirely upon the life cycle 

 of the host parasite, that is to say, the planidium lives internally in its host 

 until histolysis takes place, when it changes its mode of life from an internal 

 parasite to an external parasite. 



The other primary parasites of the fall v>'ebworm from which the author has 

 reared Perilampus are 2 additional species of Limnerium, differing from L. 

 validum in that they spin their cocoons within tlJe skin of the caterpillar and 

 emerge in the fall, and the braconids A. hyphantrice and a Meteorus, probably 

 M. communis. In all 4 of these species the Perilampus completes its develop- 

 ment at once. As yet the author has not actually found Perilampus to be a 

 parasite of the large solitary ichneumonids AnomaJon amMguum, Ichneumon 

 cinctitarsis, and Mclanichncinnon sp. 



On the return of warm weather in the spring growth takes place gradually, 

 following the completion of which, after a short resting period, ecdysis takes 

 place. After settling down the second time the larva is likely to remain sta- 

 tionary for the rest of the larval (and the pupal) life pupation taking place 

 as soon as it is full fed. 



Discussions of the food habits of the adult, longevity and oogenesis, length 

 of life cycle and influence of temperature, effect of parasitism upon the host, 

 percentage of parasitism, superparasitism, description of a second species of 

 Perilampus met with, the develojjment of Orascma viridis, parasitic principally 

 upon the harvesting ant Pheidolc instahilis, as described by Wheeler (E. S. R., 

 20, p. 254), relationship of Eucharidse and Perilampidfe, Rhipiphorus and other 

 coleopterous parasites, host relations of the genus Perilampus, including a re- 

 view of European rearing records of Perilampus. etc., and the economic asiiects, 

 follow. 



An internal parasite of Thysanoptera, H. M. Russell (U. S. Dcpt. Agr., 

 Bur. Ent. Bui. 23. pi. 2, tech. .<<cr.. pp. 25-52, figs, ii).— This is a detailed report 

 of studies made of the life history, habits, and economy of the parasite Thri- 

 poctcnus russcUi, a summarized account of which has been previously noted 

 (E. S. R., 26, p. 85S). 



On a new enemy of the grapevine cochylis, F. Picard (Bui Soc. Ent. 

 France, 1911, No. 12, pp. 260, 261; Prog. Agr. ct Vit. (Ed. VEsi-Cenirc), 32 



