VETEEINAEY MEDICINE. 285 



horses tested which gave a reaction in the 1 : 1,000 dilution were proved to be 

 glandered hy other tests. Animals reacting in such high dilution are diseased 

 and .should be immediately quarantined or destroyed. Satisfactory results could 

 not be obtained with the Konew method (E. S. E., 24, p. 184). 



Glanders and combating glanders in Kurland, L. Geeonimus (Ai'ch. Vet. 

 NauJc [St. Pctcrsh.], J/1 {1911), No. 12, pp. 15Ji2-1565; ahs. in Ztschr. Inimuni- 

 iatsf. n. Expt. Ther., II, Rcf., 5 (1912), No. 5, p. 1003).— In 1910 the government 

 of Kurland had 172 cases of glanders at 49 locations. Of these animals 168 

 were killed and 4 died. Comparative tests made for the purpose of determining 

 the value of anaphylaxis tests show that the subcutaneous mallein test and the 

 conjunctival test gave approximately parallel results. 



In regard to the phagocytic action of various sera upon some of the 

 bacteria occuring in hemorrhagic septicemia, R. Broll and St. Angeloff 

 (Ztschr. Infckfionskranh: u. Uyg. Haustiere, Jf (1908), No. 5-6, pp. J,69-.'t75; 

 abs. in Berlin. Tierarztl. Wchnschr., 21 (1911), No. 3//, p. 612). — The opsonic 

 power of various sera was tested against swine plague, fowl cholera, game 

 and bovine plague, and septic calf pneumonia bacteria. 



It was noted as a result of the tests that the polyvalent swine plague serum 

 possesses an opsonic power but not a bacteriolytic or bactericidal i)ower. The 

 swine plague bacterium (lincterium. suifiepticus) is also influenced opsonically 

 to a flight degree by normal horse, bovine, and hog sera. The polyvalent 

 swine plague serum, on the other hand, has a strong opsonic power which is 

 still present in a dilution of 1 : 50. In addition to the B. suiscpiicus, the 

 fowl cholera bacterium was affected by the swine plague serum, although to 

 a lesser extent. The opsonic action of the polyvalent serum upon the gnme 

 and bovine plague bacterium was found to be very weak, whereas the calf 

 pneumonia serum behaved as would a normal serum. 



It was further noted that the opsonins were heat labile. Heating the poly- 

 valent serum for J hour at 60" C. (inactivated) was sufficient to cause a con- 

 siderable reduction in the opsonic power. 



An extensive epizootic of rabies, A. Carini (Ann. Inst. Pasteur, 25 (1911), 

 No. 11. pp. 8Ji3-8J,6; abs. in Jour. Amer. Med. Assoc., 58 (1912), No. 2, p. U9).— 

 The author reports an extensive epizootic of rabies in cattle and horses in 

 Brazil, which caused the death of some 4.000 cnttle and 1,000 horses. 



" There was no unusual prevalence of rabies in dogs at the time, but it was 

 noticed that bats In broad daylight attacked and bit the cattle, and the author 

 suggests that bats may have been the source of the extensive epizootic. It has 

 been prevailing for several years but exclusively in a narrow strip of the 

 country. As its true nature was not discovered until recently, prophylaxis 

 lias not been on the correct basis. The animals affected all die after a few 

 days, and the meat and hides have been utilized but no mishaps have been 

 known to follow." 



Studies in regard to tuberculosis, A. Fontes (Mem. Inst. Osioaldo Cruz, 

 3 (1911). No. 2, pp. 196-217, pis. 7).— Thinking that some of the results 

 obtained in previous work (E. S. R., 25, p. 184) might be due to the presence 

 of enzyms such as zymase, protease, and oxidase, the author made tests with 

 filtrates which contained the granula obtained from the cultures of tubercle 

 bacilli. 



Although negative results were obtained in the enzym tests, a substance 

 capable of dissolving or saponifying fats was noted in the juice obtained from 

 caseated and ruptured lymphatic glands. The granular forms of the tubercle 

 bacillus were produced by injecting extracts from the diseased lymphntic 

 glands and the human type of bncillus into the abdominal cavity of guinea 

 pigs. Granula were noted in the lymphatic glands of the experimental animals, 



