KURAL ENGINEEEING. 293 



the bydraulic r;ini, stating the local conditions requisite, giving the necessary 

 directiuns for installing a hydraulic ram, and discussing methods for computing 

 the capacity of a hydraulic ram and the flow of streams or springs supplying 

 the water. In addition considerable specific information is given regarding 

 types of hydraulic rams, special installations, and methods of installing plants 

 to satisfy individual conditions. 



A novel automobile for soil cultivation, P. fivERAED (Ann. Oembloux, 22 

 {1912), 'So. 5, pp. 309-312, figs. 2). — A motor-driven machine for soil cultivation 

 is described, consisting of a frame supporting a motor, a pair of adjustable 

 rollers, which operates a double set of traveling plow shovels, and a pair of cut- 

 ting discs in front of the shovels. The motor is connected to the other apparatus 

 by a chain drive and can be disconnected and used for driving other farm 

 machinery or for transportation. 



New spring-shovel cultivator (Wiener Landw. Ztg., 62 (1912), No. 27, p. 

 33S, figs. 9). — A cultivator is described which has spring beams for its shovels 

 as a protection against breaking the "beam by striking roots, stones, etc. 



The binder engine, E. B. Sawyer (A^e&r. Farmer, J^lf (1912), No. 18, p. 503, 

 fig. 1). — Attention is called to the use of a light weight all-purpose engine for 

 driving the mechanism of a binder. This engine is attached to the rear of the 

 machine with brackets and operates the whole mechanism of the binder by 

 means of a special drive chain connection. The drive wheel of the binder can 

 be disconnected and this results in a great saving of horses. 



Land dragging in good cultivation, J. Jensen (Masch. Ztg., 10 (1912), No. 

 8, pp. 92-9.'i, fig. 1). — The need o^ dragging the fields during the spring ground 

 breaking, thereby smoothing the ridges and breaking the clods, is pointed out, 

 and a drag is described which is suitable for a road drag, land drag, or manure 

 spreader. This drag is constructed of 2 wooden beams about 5 ft. apart con- 

 nected by an iron rod framework to each of which is attached an iron band 

 drag blade. 



Test of a grain cleaning and sorting machine, J. Rezek (Mitt. Landw. 

 Lchrl;anz. K. K. Hochsch. Bodenkul. Wicn, 1 (1912), No. 1, pp. 115-129, table 

 1, 1)1. 1, fig. 1). — This article gives a description of the operation and mechan- 

 ical details of a machine for the cleaning, drying, and sorting of grain, and 

 gives the methods and a table of results of tests. The grain is cleaned and 

 dried by fan action and is separated into 3 different weights by the centrifugal 

 action of a revolving drum. A mathematical discussion of the centrifugal 

 action on the different weights of the grain is given, and with it a section of 

 the centrifugal drum and plans showing the details and dimensions of the 

 machinery in general. 



The mechanical harvesting of cotton, P. Main (Jour. Agr. Trop., 12 (1912), 

 No. 129, pp. 75-78). — ^A machine is described for the mechanical picking of 

 ci'tton, consisting of a frame set on 4 wheels, supporting a 30-horsepower 

 engine, which drives the picking machinery and is directly connected to the 

 hind drive wheels. The cotton is picked by the action of steel teeth and fingers 

 and is conveyed to sacks in the rear. It is claimed that from 8 to 10 acres 

 of cotton can be picked in a day. 



Report of tests on a dairy refrigerator, B. Maetiny (MoUc. Ztg. Berlin, 22 

 (1912), No. 16, pp. 181-183, figs. 3).— This article describes and gives the 

 results and conclusions of tests of a device intended for the quick cooling of 

 fresh milk and cream. This device consists of a chest containing an ice box 

 with sloping bottom, above which is a receiving basin for the millv and 

 cream. This communicates with a drip or sieve basin from which the milk 

 or cream runs down along the bottom side of the sloping ice chest in a thin 

 stream. It is quickly cooled in its descent and is caught in a reservoir below. 



