HORTICULTUEE. 343 



from such seed. Planting at from 2i to 4 cm. in deptli below the surface is 

 considered sufficient protection in case of clover seeds containing as high as 

 10 seeds of dodder per liilogram. This species of dodder is a southern plant 

 and is sensitive to low temperatures. 



Michigan weeds, W. J. Beal {MicJiigan 8ta. Bui. 267, pp. 277-^58, pi. 1, figs. 

 248). — This bulletin is a companion to Bulletin 260, already noted (E. S. R., 

 23, p. 439). It describes briefly and illustrates the more, important weeds of 

 Michigan, and is intended to aid students and farmers in recognizing seme of 

 them. Methods of eradication are briefly discussed. 



HORTICULTUEE. 



[Horticultural work at the Canadian experiment stations and farms in 

 1910], W. Saunders, W. T. Macoun, F. T. Shutt, et al. {Canada Expt. Farms 

 lipts. 191d, pp. 25-28, 101-122, 128-130, 133-135, 198-200, 307-313, 337-3^0, 388- 

 39-i, W-m, 474-476, 502-505, 506, 507, 519-524, 525-530, pis. S).— This is the 

 customary report on the breeding and cultural experiments with fruits, vege- 

 tables, forest and ornamental trees, and herbaceous plants being conducted at 

 the Central Farm, Otta\\'a, and at the various branch experiment stations and 

 farms in Canada (E. S. R., 24, p. 440). 



A number of seedling apples received at the Central Farm for examination 

 are described and descriptions are also given of 13 additional seedling apples 

 originated on the farm. Thus far a total of 720 trees from seeds sown in 1898 

 and later have fruited. Descriptions of these fruits, whatever their character, 

 have been made and a large amount of data has been thus accumulated. 

 Certain characteristics of 581 seedlings of 11 varieties are presented in tabular 

 form and compared. There appears to be considerable variation between 

 seedlings from the same female parent, the male parentage of the seedlings 

 not being definitely known. 



To throw some light on the fruit-yielding possibilities of different varieties 

 of apples, a table is given showing the yields of the best yielding tree of a 

 number of varieties from the third to the twenty-second year after planting. 

 To illustrate the individuality of the trees, yields for the period 1899 to 1910 

 are also given of a number of individuals of the same variety of apples. Trees 

 grown practically under the same conditions have shown a wide variation in 

 yield. 



One of the most promising seedling plums fruiting during the year was the 

 Dara, which is here described. The downy leaved cherry {Primus tomentosa), 

 a bush cherry, is found to be hardier than the tree cherries and promises to be 

 a very useful fruit for the colder parts of Canada. The King red raspberry is 

 proving to be one of the hardiest varieties in the prairie Provinces. 



A list is given of the varieties of vegetables which have proven to be most 

 successful in the farm tests. The work of selecting tomato seed to develop 

 superior early strains was continued. The results, as here tabulated, show 

 that all of the selections have progi-essed in the direction in which the selection 

 was made. In the selection for large early production, the yield has increased 

 each year and the tomatoes selected for earliness have ripened earlier than 

 those selected for productiveness and uniformity without regard to earliness. 

 Improvement in uniformity has not yet been marked. 



In the forest belts on the Central Farm, the trees which were planted 5 by 

 5 ft. apart in plats of single species are in most cases making the best trees 

 from a timber standpoint since the side branches are soon killed out. It is 

 suggested that this distance might be reduced with advantage to 4 by 4 ft. 

 Growth measurements for the period 1907 to 1910 are given for a number of 

 trees planted in various soils and at different distances. 



