ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY — ENTOMOLOGY. 361 



more detailed account than that presented in the bulletin previously noted 

 (E. S. R., 26, p. 350). The apparatus used is described and illustrated. 



The distance traveled by a newly hatched larva from 8.30 Saturday morning 

 until its death at 8.45 Tuesday morning, of which time the larva was actually 

 on the recording paper about 70 hours, amounted to 9,058 ft., or 1.71 miles. 

 " The highest rate of travel per minute was dui'ing the first 4J hours, and aver- 

 aged 4.9 ft. For the first 24 hours the average was 3.69 ft. per minute ; during 

 the next 8 hours the average dropped slightly and for the remaining period 

 the average was gradually reduced until the larva died. . . . For the first 

 36 hours the larva traveled almost continuously, stopping only occasionally 

 for a minute or so to rest. . . . Although the distance traveled is probably 

 much greater than what would actually occur in nature, it is remarkable that 

 so much latent energy can be stored up in an egg of one of these beetles." 



" The length of life of the insect is also worthy of note when it is remem- 

 bered that no food or water was supplied, as it indicates that the young larvae 

 are able to survive several days in the field without food and still have suffi- 

 cient vitality to make a thorough and active search for their prey." 



Collecting ladybirds (Coccinollidae) by the ton, E. K. Carnes (Mo. Bui. 

 Com. Hort. Cal., 1 {1912), No. 3, pp. 71-81, figs. 7).— This is an account of the 

 work conducted in California, where each year several tons of coccinellids of 

 the species Hippodamia convergens are collected and distributed to growers of 

 cantaloups, prunes, apples, pears, vegetables, seeds, and garden truck for the 

 destruction of aphids, even including city street trees and homo gardens. 

 " Starting about November 1, the field men go up into the mountains to locate 

 the hibernating colonies, which are usually found among iiine needles on sunny, 

 well drained slopes, usually in close proximity to running water. . . , By 

 this time the ladybirds have begun to arrive in the mountains and to assemble 

 in colonies on the stems and about the roots of low growing plants, previous 

 to seeking winter shelter of the pine needles, where they are securely hidden." 

 The collecting of lady beetles commences the last of December and continues 

 until the last of February. Two men usually work together, and with fairly 

 good success collect from 50 to 100 lbs. of beetles in a day. 



In order to avoid the heavy expense of artificial cold storage, the beetles 

 fire kept at the mountain packing house as long as possible and are then trans- 

 ferred to a large cold storage room rented from a commercial company at 

 Sacramento, and kept at a temperature of slightly under 40° F. 



Notes on the Ixodidse of Brazil, H. de Beattrepaire Aragao {Mem. Inst. 

 OsicaJdo Cruz, 3 {1911), No. 2, pp. l-i5-195, pis. 2).— This paper includes tables 

 for the separation of 46 species of ticks occurring in Brazil, a fist of their 

 hosts, and their geographical distribution. Ten forms are considered, 3 of 

 which, Ornithodoros rostratas, AmiJyommu pacce, and Hwmaphysalis leporis 

 proxima, are described as new to science. 



Notes on the genus Rhipicephalus, with the description of new species, 

 and the consideration of some species hitherto described, C. Warbitrton 

 {Parasito'logu, 5 {1912), No. 1, pp. 1-20, figs. 12). — Three species and 1 variety 

 are described as new to science. 



Notes on ticks. — II, New species (Amblyomma, Hsemaphysalis) ; Ixodes 

 putus: Description of the hitherto unknown larval stage, G. H. F. NuTTALi, 

 {Parasitology, 5 {1912), No. 1, pp. 50-60, figs. 9). — This paper includes de- 

 scriptions of 3 species new to science, namely, AmWyomma darlingi, taken from 

 a deer {Odocoleus sp.) and a turkey buzzard {Catharista atratus) in the 

 Canal Zone ; Hwmaphysalis ivarburtoni, and H. montgomeryi. 



