ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY — ENTOMOLOGY. 453 



Bui. Bin: Agr. Intel, and Plant Diseases, 2 {1911), No. 6, p. 1532). — An inva- 

 sion of Agrotis sp. occurred in 1909 in many Governments in Russia, but caused 

 serious loss only in the Governments of Tula and Ryazan. Diplosis tritici 

 invaded wheat fields and caused considerable injury in the district of Beleev. 

 In eastern Russia serious injury was caused by the invasion of Bylemyia coarc- 

 tuta, the larvse of which destroyed j^oung spring wheat seedlings. Rynchites 

 pauxillus, which partially destroyed the foliage of fruit trees, is reported to be 

 spreading in southern Russia. 



Insect pests of fruit trees in Russian Central Asia, I. A. PoBCiNSKii {Ezheg. 

 Dcpt. Zeml. [Russia], 1909, pp. 602-60.',; ahs. in Internat. Inst. Agr. [Rome], 

 Bui. Bur. Agr. Intel, and Plant Diseases, 2 (1911), No. 6, p. 15Jf6). — The codling 

 moth, which was formerly unknown in Central Asia, appears to have been 

 introduced since the opening of the railways with consignments of fruits and 

 plants and has become very destructive in apple orchards throughout Turkestan, 

 where it has no natural enemies to prevent its spread. 



Mention is made of the injury by Tingis pyri which attacks the pear; Oxythy- 

 rea cinc'tella, which attacks the blossoms of fruit trees; and Coleophora alcyoni- 

 penella and Agelastica sp., the latter of which devours the foliage of the walnut 

 and almond. 



Notes on injurious insects observed, C. W. Jemmett (Ann. Rpt. Agr. Dept' 

 [SoutJi. Nigeria], 1910, pp. 26-30). — These notes deal with the enemies of cot- 

 ton, com, maize, cacao, etc. 



Report on economic entomology, F. P. Jepson (Dept. Agr. Fiji Council 

 Paper 25, 1911, pp. V+S9, pis. 6). — This report by the government entomologist 

 deals with the Fijian insect pests as follows: Arthropoda injurious to man and 

 animals; insects, etc., injurious to cultivated crops, including coconut, banana, 

 sugar cane, cacao, pineapple, custard apple, granadillas, yaqona (Piper methysti- 

 eum), cotton, yams, tobacco, melons and pumpkins, and oranges; insects inju- 

 rious to ornamental shrubs; Insects injurious to stored goods; and insects 

 injurious to timber. 



The 5 apiJendixes consist of a glossary of technical terms, directions for the 

 collection of insects, reports on a visit to the Lau group and to Honolulu, and 

 notes on sprays and washes used as insecticides. 



The enemies of the orange and lemon in Spain, D. L. de Salas y Amat 

 (Bol. Agr. Tec. y Econ.. } (1912). Nos. 38, pp. 167-181; 40, pp. 365, 373).— This 

 account deals with the important insect enemies of citrus in Spain, and the 

 remedial measures therefor. 



Mango pests in Cavlte and Rizal Provinces, P. J. Wester (Philippine Agr. 

 Rev. [English Ed.], 4 (1911), Nos. 6, pp. 312-314; 12, p. 681).— It is stated that 

 in driving through Imus and adjoining barrios the mango blossoms were ob- 

 served to be almost universally blackened and dead. By sucking the juices 

 from the buds and tender stems, the homopterous insects Idiocerus clypealis and 

 /. niveosparsus injure them, causing the flowers to drop. They also secrete a 

 honeydew, in which a sooty mold develops, the presence of the insects being 

 readily detected by the blackened leaves and flower panicles. At Imus, insects 

 had practically ruined the season's mango crop, and they were doing great dam- 

 age to the mangoes at San Francisco. 



Another pest that appears to be quite destructive to the mango bloom is a 

 caterpillar that enters the central stem of the flower panicle and hollows it out, 

 causing it to shrivel and die. 



Insect enemies of poplars and willows, P. Lesne (Jour. Agr. Prat., n. ser., 

 23 (1912), No. IJf, pp. 433-439, pi. 1, figs. 7). — This is a brief account of some 

 of the more important enemies. 



