510 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



ers to organize and employ protective measures in saving their crops from 

 frosts and freezes. Tlius far the worli has been successful beyond expectation." 



Meteorological observations at the Massachusetts Agricultural Experi- 

 ment Station, J. E. Ostrandeb, R. N. Hallowell, and H. W. Angieb (Massa- 

 chusetis Sta. Met. Bids. 281, 282, pp. 4 each). — Summaries of observations at 

 Amherst, Mass., on pressure, temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind, sun- 

 shine, cloudiness, and casual phenomena during May and June, 1912. The data 

 are briefly discussed in general notes on the weather of each month. 



Beport on weather forecasts, 1911, D, A. Gilchrist {County NorthinnJ). Ed. 

 Com. Bui. 18, 1912, pp. 82-8^). — A brief summary is given of weather forecasts 

 for agricultural purposes issued by the English Meteorological Office during the 

 summer of 1911, and of records at Cockle Park, Northumberland, of the weather 

 conditions for a few days immediately following the receipt of the forecasts. 

 This summary shows that of 14 such forecasts 12 were correct. 



The weather of 1911, D. A. Gilchrist (County Northumt). Ed. Com. BuJ. 18, 

 1912. pp. 8Jt-90). — Observations on temperature, precipitation, and sunshine at 

 Cockle Park and a number of other places in Northumberland are summarized. 

 Observations on the temperature of cultivated and uncultivated soil are also 

 given. 



It was found that changes in temperature were less sudden in cultivated soil 

 than in uncultivated soil. This is attributed to conservation of moisture in the 

 cultivated soil. Samples taken at the same time showed 13.01 per cent moisture 

 in the cultivated soil and only 9.53 per cent in the uncultivated soil. 



Variations in our climate, A. B. MacDowall {Synions' Met. Mag., ^I (1912), 

 No. 55.'i, p. 25). — A study of the number of frost days in winter at Greenwich 

 from 1841 to 1911. by adding them for the 50-year periods ending 1891, 1892, 

 and so on to 1911, indicated "a general decline in the figures and the last is 

 the lowest. That is. the last 50 winters, September to May, had a smaller num- 

 ber of frost days than any previous 50 consecutive winters since 1841." 



The drought of 1911, M. Kershaw (Ann. Sci.. Bui. Roy. Ayr. Col. Cirences- 

 ter, 1911, No. 3, pp. Ji9-10, figs. 5). — The nature and effects of this very severe 

 drought, especially in the vicinity of Cirencester, are described. The total 

 rainfall for the year was 23.31 in., 7.43 in. below the average. The total number 

 of hours of sunshine was 1,715, 207 in excess of the average. The temperature 

 of the growing season was much above the average. 



The average annual distribution of rainfall in Hungary, 1901-1910, E. 

 H6jas (Viziigyi Kozlem.. 2 (1912), No. 2; ahs. in Inter nat. Inst. Agr. [Rome], 

 Bui. Bur. Agr. Intel, and Plant Diseases, 3 (1912), No. 6, pp. 1267-1269).— 

 This article contains a series of rainfall maps, describes the methods of making 

 the rainfall observations, and discusses the distribution of rainfall in Hungary 

 with reference to altitude, form, and position of the mountains, distance from 

 the sea, and other topographic and physiographic features. 



Character of the summer rains of North Germany, G. Hellmann (Sitshcr. 

 E. Preuss. Akad. Wiss., 1912, XTIII, pp. 282-303, figs. 4).— This is a study of 

 the amount and distribution of these rains. 



Snow limits in different climates, V. Paschingeb (Mitt. Justus Perthes' 

 Ocogr. Anst., 1912, Ergdnzungsh. 173, pp. 98, })ls. .5, fig. 1). — Detailed data re- 

 garding the permanent snow fields of the world are presented and their relation 

 to climate is discussed. 



The value of snow surveys as related to irrigation projects, A. H. Thies- 

 SEN (U. 8. Dept. Agr. Yearhook 1911, pp. 391-396. pis. 6. fig. i).— This article 

 is based upon a snow survey of the Maple Creek watershed (E. S. R., 27, p. 415), 

 near Provo, Utah. The value of such a survey from the standpoints of the irri- 

 gating farmer and the engineer is briefly discussed. 



