FIELD CROPS. 535 



Manuring of swedes {Univ. Col. Reading, Dept. Agr. and Ilort. Bui. 10, 1910; 

 al}8. in Jour. Bd. Agr. [Londoni, 18 (1912), No. 11, p. 942). — This is a report 

 of the results of tests at 5 points in Oxfordshire of superphosphate, steamed 

 bone flour, and basic slag, singly and mixed with sulphate of potash and sul- 

 phate of ammonia, or in case of basic slag, with nitrate of soda instead of 

 sulphate of ammonia. The results at different points varied, the deciding fac- 

 tor apparently being the amount of lime in the soil. 



The production of new and improved varieties of timothy, H. J. Webber et 

 AL, {New York Cornell Sta. Bui. 313, pp. 337-391, figs. Jf2). — ^A previous report 

 on this line of worli has already been noted (E. S. R., 23, p. 536). This bulletin 

 discusses timothy as an agricultural crop, describes the methods used in the 

 Cornell breeding and selection experiments, points out some of the more strik- 

 ing variations observed, and gives notes on testing selected plants of difl:erent 

 types, testing the transmission of type in selections when grown from seed, 

 and on the method of isolating a pure type and multiplying the seed. A 

 method of improving timothy and recommended for the use of farmers is also 

 given. An appendix to the bulletin summarizes the work reported by H. J. 

 Waters (E. S. R., 26, p. 265). 



A table on the transmission of yield in timothy by clonal and seed propaga- 

 tion with 16 plants from each individual, the different rows being placed 4 ft. 

 apart and the plants 3 ft. apart in the rows, shows clearly the great range of 

 variation in this character. Taking the average yield for the second and third 

 years of all the 16 plnnts of one kind, the lightest yielder averaged 1.005 oz. 

 per plant and the heaviest 20.274 oz. per plant. Among the 200 j)lants entering 

 into this test, 5 gave for the 2 j-ears an average yield per jjlant of 1 lb. or 

 more, while 39 gave average yields of less than J lb. per plant. 



In a study of the effect of self-fertilization on vigor, it was found that in 9 

 tests with different types, the average yield per plant for all plants tested was 

 for the original plants 9.307 oz., for the clons 8.769 oz., for the open-fertilized 

 seed 6.963 oz., and for the self- fertilized seed 5.243 oz. The yield of the original 

 plants in this test represents a 3-year average, while in the other cases the 

 result is based on a 2-year average. 



A test of the new varieties of timothy gave as average yield in 1910 for 17 

 new sorts of 7,451 lbs. of field-cured hay per acre, f^'hile the check plats sown 

 with a good grade of commercial seed gave an average yield of 6,600 lbs. In 

 1911, a much more unfavorable season than the preceding year, the 17 new 

 sorts yielded 7,153 lbs. per acre and the check plats 4,091 lbs. The actual 

 average increase in favor of the new varieties was 851 lbs. per acre in 1910 

 and 3,062 lbs. in 1911. The hay produced by the new varieties was apparently 

 of superior quality owing to the retention of a fresh green appearance and 

 leaflness. This is considered due in the main to the greater rust-resistant 

 character of the new sorts and to the fact that the majority of them were 

 selected as possessing the ability to retain their leaves and stems green until 

 the heads have become fully matured. 



Correlation and inheritance in Nicotiana tabacum, H. K. Hayes {Connecti- 

 cut State Sta. Bui. 171, pp. 3~Ii5, pis. 5). — The characters studied with refer- 

 ence to correlation and inheritance were number of leaves per plant, height of 

 plant, average area of leaf, and length and breadth of leaf. The types of 

 tobacco studied in this connection were Uncle Sam Sumatra, Broadleaf, Ha- 

 vana, Small-leafed Sumatra, and Cuban. With the exception of the Broadleaf 

 strain, these types had been inbred for a number of years and were uniform 

 to type. 



In the study of the correlation of parts, the Broadleaf and Small-leafed 

 Sumatra types were used. In these 2 types and in the first and second 



