ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 553 



Stillwater, Okla., C. incana at Cocoanut Grove, Fla., aud the seed pods of milk 

 vetch (Astragalus sp.). The author has reared the species from pods of the 

 common lupines (Lvpinns spp.) and Canada field peas at Pullman, Wash. 



Technical descriptions given of the stages are followed by accounts of its 

 seasonal history and of field work. A newly emerged larva was first found by 

 the author at Pullman, Wash., on July 26, 1911. The larvae feed for about 3 

 weeks, only partly consuming the peas, but destroying them as seed and greatly 

 reducing their weight as stock feed. The pod always contains a mass of frass 

 held together by a loosely constructed web. When mature, if the peas are still 

 unharvested in the field, the larva emerges from the pods and enters the ground 

 to pupate, or if the pods have been harvested it spins a tough silken cocoon in 

 the nearest available sheltered place. 



" Larvte that become mature during the warm weather of early August, out 

 of doors, or later under laboratory conditions, pupate immediately and emerge 

 as adults in about 6 weeks. Adults have been obtained in our laboratory on 

 August 5 and as late as August 28. Whether these lay eggs which pass the 

 winter successfully, or whether they hibernate as adults, is still undetermined. 

 LarvjE that reach maturity in late September, when the nights are cold, spin 

 their cocoons and hibernate therein as larvcie. pupating in the spring and emerg- 

 ing at the time the earliest lupines are setting seed. 



" On the lupines there are very probably 2 generations a year. The moths 

 of the first generation, coming from hibernating larva?, lay all their eggs on the 

 lupines, as the field peas are just commencing to grow. The offspring of this 

 generation mature late in July and, finding the field peas ripening, very naturally 

 turn their attention to these large areas of suitable food as well as to their 

 natural food, the later lupines." In investigations made in 1910 of more than 

 100 varieties of field peas at Pullman. Wash., it was found that the varieties 

 which began blooming during and after the last week in June were decidedly 

 the most sevei'ely attacked. In investigations of 67 varieties in 1911 it was 

 found that those in full bloom prior to June 28 were practically unmolested. 



The author's observations indicate that this insect can very easily be intro- 

 duced into regions where it does not at present occur by being shipped with the 

 seed field peas, it having been found in sacks of seed peas. 



Two hymenopterous parasites were reared from the larvre at PuHman. Wash., 

 namely, Pseudapanteles etiellw and Microhracon hyslopi. Two other species are 

 recorded as having been reared. 



" The legume pod moth is readily controlled by preventive measures. . . . 

 The transportation of the hibernating forms in sacks of seed, and the consequent 

 dissemination of the pest, may be prevented by fumigation of the seed with 

 carbon bisulphid. Owing to the presence of the native lupines, extermination 

 of the, pest is impossible, but by planting such early varieties of field peas as 

 come into full-bloom before the last week in June it may be practically elimi- 

 nated as a factor to be dealt with in seed growing in the Pacific Northwest. 

 The date of planting, however, will vary in different localities and under 

 different conditions." 



The legume pod maggot (Pegomya planipal/pis) , J. A. Hyslop (pp. 105-108). — 

 In investigations of 1910 it was found that P. planipalpis is quite capable of 

 independently infesting seed pods and that it is actually a seed destroyer. 

 Many pods were found to contain from 1 to 3 of its larvae. This insect has been 

 previously reported as attacking radishes at San Francisco, Cal. In cages with 

 earth in the bottom the pupfe were always to be found below the surface at 

 distances ranging from 1 to 3 in. Technical descriptions are given of its stages. 



Two chalcidid parasites, Holaspis n. sp , and an undetermined form, have 

 been reared from the legume pod maggot. This maggot has not as yet become a 



