556 EXPEEIMENT STATION RECORD. 



Virginia, and West Virginia, many parts of Europe, Brazil, Jamaica, and the 

 West Indies. 



It appears to have many habits similar to those of the San Jose scale. 

 When abundant the grape scale very materially retards the development of the 

 vines and always infests the second year's growth. The author's observations 

 show the species to be viviparous with but a single brood each year. The 

 female insect gives birth to from 35 to 50 living young during the months of 

 May and June. After an active stage of about 2 days the young settle down on 

 the cane and there is a fairly uniform development. Technical descriptions of 

 the male and female and of their scales, prepared by E. R. Sasscer, are 

 presented. 



In an examination made of female scales on May 20, 1911, the author found 

 about 80 per cent to be parasitized, the parasites including AUerus cHsiocampcc, 

 Ablcnis u. sp., Physcus varicornis, Physmts sp., Azotus marchali, Coccophagus 

 n. sp., and Aphelinus fuscipennis. Controdora sp., Prospaltelhi murtfeldtii, and 

 Bignvphora pidchra have also been reared by the author, and a mite of the 

 genus TyroglyiJhus has been recorded. 



Lime-sulphur is recommended for winter use, but whale-oil soap solution, 

 kerosene, or crude petroleum emulsion, etc., may be used. When it is desired 

 to treat the grape scale during the period of foliage of the vines, the use of 

 whale-oil soap at the rate of 1 lb. to 3 or 4 gal. of water, or of 10 to 12 per 

 cent kerosene emulsion may be advisable. A second and sometimes a third 

 application is said to be advisable on account of the habit of the young in 

 settling under the shreds of dead bark. 



A bibliography is appended. 



Diaspis pentagona in Argentina, J. IM. Hukrgo (Trab. 4- Cong. Cient. Santi- 

 ago de Chile, 16 {1908-9), pp. Ji50--'i7S, pis. 22).— This is a discussion of the 

 occurrence, life history, natural enemies of and injuries caused by the West 

 Indian peach scale in Argentina, with remedial measures therefor. 



Diaspis pentagona in the Province of Buenos Aires, T. Amadeo (Rev. 

 Mens. Cam. Merc, 12 (1912), Vo. Ill, pp. 27-3o).—A brief account of the West 

 Indian peach scale {Aulacaspis [Diaspis] pcniagona), and remedial measures 

 therefor. 



The cotton worm or cotton caterpillar (Alabama argillacea), W. D. Hunteh 

 (U. 8. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Circ. 153, pp. 10, fig. i).— For 21 years prior to 1911 

 the cotton worm had not been generally abundant in the United States, although 

 there was local damage of some severity during different years in that period. 

 "The outbreak of 1911 did not originate in the United States, but in Central 

 or South America. The moths tiew northward very early in the season and 

 reached the neighborhood of Brownsville, in Texas, by April. By the middle of 

 June practically all of the cotton fields in the vicinity of Brownsville that had 

 not been protected by the use of poisons had become defoliated. The new gen- 

 erations of the insects flew northward and eastward during June and July. 

 During the latter month there appears also to have been another invasion of 

 the United States from South America. This reinvasion took the moths into 

 the South Atlantic States, where they were soon found in very great numbers. 

 They bred with great rapidity and spread northward and westward. In August 

 the western and eastern invasions coalesced, and within a few weeks the insects 

 were numerous in cotton fields throughout the belt. . . . 



"The cotton moth is of South American origin and does not survive the 

 winters in the United States, except when the temperatures are above the 

 normal or when individuals obtain unusual shelter." Whether there would bo 

 an outbreak in 1912 is thought to depend upon (1) the survival of the winter 

 by moths in this country and (2) a new invasion from South America. In 



