DISEASES OF PLANTS. 651 



A serious root disease of radish, J. T. Barrett (Abs. m Phytopathology, 2 

 {1912), No. 2, p. 96). — A disease of radishes, characterized by a peculiar brown- 

 ing or blackening of a portion or all of the root, is described. The infected tis- 

 sue in the early stages of the disease remains sound and brittle, but as the 

 disease progresses the cells are broken down and rots due to saprophytic forms 

 frequently set in. The organism which caus^es the disease is said to be Aphano- 

 myces Icvis, long known as a saprophyte inhabiting the soil and water. No 

 successful means of control have yet been determined. 



Tomato leaf rust {Jour. Bd. Agr. [London], 18 {1912), No. 11, pp. 920, 921, 

 pi. 1; ahs. in Mycol. CcntU., 1 {1912), No. 6, p. 181). — Leaves, stems, and occa- 

 sionally fruits are attacked by this disease, ascribed to Cladosporium fulvum. 

 Fungicides avail only when applied to germinating spores. The entire surface 

 of the tomato plant should, therefore, be covered frequently with half-strength 

 Bordeaux mixture if the plants are young, but with potassium sulphid solution 

 (1 oz. in 4 gal. of water) if flowers and young fruit are present. 



Treatment of chlorosis in finxit trees and vines, L. Hiltner {Prakt. Bl. 

 PflanzenMu u. Schutz, n. set:, 10 {1912), No. .5, pp. .'i9-51). — In continuation of 

 previous studies (E. S. R., 25, p. 518), experiments were made in supplying 

 iron and other salts to chlorotic trees and vines. The salts were made up 

 into a mash or porridge with water and introduced into holes bored in the 

 trunks, the holes being afterwards closed with corks and tree wax. With the 

 exception of a few cases in which the holes are thought to have been in dead 

 tissue, the experiments were considered successful, being followed by the 

 restoration of the green color and by luxuriant growth. 



Oily or glassy fruits, I. Gross {Prakt. Bl. PflanzenMu u. Schutz, n. ser., 10 

 {1912), No. 5, pp. 56, 57). — Attention is called to an oily or glassy appearance 

 said to be confined almost exclusively to apples. This is noted in spots on the 

 surface or beneath the skin, injuring the appearance and sometimes the flavor 

 of the fruit. It is said that frequently as much as 5 per cent of the fruit is 

 thus affected, and sometimes a much larger proportion, the trouble being 

 especially noteworthy in 1911. 



Inoculation experiments with fungi associated with apple leaf spot and 

 canker, C. E. Lewis {Phytopathology, 2 {1912), No. 2, pp. 49-62). — The author 

 began in 1908 a study of the fungi associated with apple diseases in Maine 

 orchards, and in the present paper the results of inoculations with fungi 

 isolated from diseased branches and leaves are given. 



A considerable portion of the leaf spot which occurs in Maine orchards is 

 said to be due to the fungus Sphceropsis malorum, although similar spotting has 

 been observed in orchards which is attributed to injury due to spraying with 

 Bordeaux mixture. Thus far, Sphreropsis has been the only fungus isolated 

 from apple leaves in the State which has caused spotting on the leaves when 

 inoculations were made from pure cultures. PhyUosticta Umitata, Conio- 

 thyrium pirina, and Coryneum foWcolum grew and fruited on dead spots when 

 the spores were sprayed on the leaves, but no new spots were produced. 



A number of fungi have been found to occur on branches and twigs of the 

 apple. Of these Sphaeropsis does the greatest damage, but it has been proved 

 by inoculation experiments that Coryneum and Phoma can cause considerable 

 injury to the young trees and branches of orchard trees. Myxosporium and 

 Cytospora, it is claimed, do not attack healthy branches, but may attack 

 weakened ones. 



Some notes on Sphseropsis malorum, C. Brooks and Margaret DeMeritt 

 {Ats. in Phytopathology, 2 {1912), No. 2, p. 9-'i). — The authors report having 

 isolated two forms of Spheeropsis from decaying apples. One produces spores 

 typical of 8. malorum, while the other has spores that are longer and more 



