ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY — ENTOMOLOGY. 659 



A manual of Philippine silk culture, C. S. Banks (Manila: Bur. 8ci., 191 J, 

 pp. 53, pis. 20). — This work collates all the data accumulated during the 6 

 years that the Bureau of Science has propagated mulberry silkworms in the 

 Philippine Islands, with a view to making tliem accessible to persons who desire 

 to enter upon the commercial production of silk. 



Cutworms and army worms, A. Gibson (Canada Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Bui. 3, 

 1912, pp. 29, pi. 1, pgs. 10). — The first part of this bulletin deals with the nature 

 of cutworm injuries, their life history, natural enemies, and preventive and 

 remedial measures. The more common species of cutworms, namely, the red- 

 backed cutworm (Euxoa ochrogaster), the greasy or black cutworm, Agrotis 

 ypsilon), the variegated cutworm (Peridroma saucia), the dark-sided cutworm 

 (E. tnessorla), the white cutworm (E. scandens), the W-marked cutworm 

 (Noctiia clandestina) , the spotted cutworm (N. c-nigrum), the glassy cutworm 

 (Hadena devastatrix), the yellow-headed cutworm (//. arctica), the clover 

 cutworm (Mamestra trifolii), the dingy cutworm (Feltia ducens), the army 

 worm (Heliophila unipiincta) , and the black army worm (N. fennica) are then 

 dealt with. 



It is stated that many new and hitherto unpublished observations on the life 

 histories of several species are recorded. 



The present outbreak of the fall army worm and recommendations for its 

 control, James Wilson (U. /S'. Dei)t. .\gr.. Office iSVr. Circ. ',0. pp. 2, fig. 1). — 

 This circular calls attention to the fact that Laplnjgma frugiperda, which has 

 been present in unprecedented numbers from Louisiana and Arkansas eastward 

 to the Atlantic Ocean and destroyed corn, cotton, sugar cane, rice, and other 

 crops, can be best controlled by the application of arsenical poisons and the 

 working of the soil. 



The present outbreak of the grass worm or fall army worm and recom- 

 mendations for its control, James Wilson (U. 8. Dept. Agr., Office Sec. Circ. 

 JiO, rev., pp. J), figs. 3). — This is a revision of the circular noted above. 



Damage to sugar-cane juice by the moth stalk-borer (Diatrasa saccharalis), 

 D. L. Van Dine (Porto Rico Sugar Growers' Sta. Circ. 1, pp. 11). — This cir- 

 cular deals with the effect of the borer injury on the sucrose content and purity 

 of the juice of infested stalks, and reports comparative analyses of sound and 

 borer-infested stalks of cane. 



The author finds that " there is a direct loss in sugar and a decided reduction 

 in the purity of the juice of cane infested by the moth stalk-borer. This loss 

 in Porto Rico exceeded 670 lbs. of sugar per acre of cane in which the infestation 

 was not apparent except upon examination, the yield averaging 41 tons of cane 

 per acre and the stalks being normal and healthy in appearance. The loss in- 

 creases in direct proportion to the number of joints of the cane stalks infested 

 by the borer. There is more fiber and less juice in borer-infested cane. The 

 actual weight of borer-infested cane is less than that of sound cane, and it is 

 considered that the juice deteriorates more rapidly in infested cane when cane 

 is allowed to stand without being crushed for any length of time after harvest." 



The "wilt disease," or " flacherie," of the gipsy moth, W. Reiff (Boston: 

 State Forester, 1911, pp. 60, i)ls. 2, figs. 5). — In part 1 (pp. 7-12) a brief account 

 is given of caterpillar diseases in general. Part 2 (pp. 12-14) consists of a 

 brief resume of experiments with flacherie in 1909, an account of which has 

 been previously noted fronw another source (E. S. R., 22, p. 357). Part 3 (pp. 

 14-52) reports the details of flacherie experiments conducted in 1910. 



In the course of the work artificially developed flacherie was planted after 

 the dying off of the breeding material had begun among the gipsy moth cater- 



