FOODS HUMAN NUTRITION". 665 



apple marc, bacteria, enzyms, digestion, and utilization, and data reported by 

 other investigators are summarized. 



According to the author, 35.87 per cent of pentosan and 45.83 per cent of 

 galactau were obtained from the marc by hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid. 

 Intestinal bacteria destroyed the hemicelluloses of the marc and pectin, as 

 well as the pentosan and galactan of the pectin, and did not form reducing 

 sugars as an end product. Neither the marc nor its pectin was hydrolyzed by 

 animal enzyms, malt diastase, or " talia " diastase. Weals solutions of hydro- 

 chloric acid split off from the marc pectin and reducing sugars. In digestion 

 experiments made with human subjects from 79.1 to 84.5 per cent of the 

 hemicelluloses of the marc was utilized or destroyed, probably by bacterial 

 activity. Of the pentosan S8.G9 per cent was digestible, and of the galactan 

 76.78 per cent. 



Official inspections (Maine Sta. Off. Insps. 37, pp. 13-2-'t; 39, pp. 73-88; 

 40, pp. 89-100). — The first of these publications reports the results of the ex- 

 amination of a number of samples of carbonated beverages and ice cream ; the 

 second reports results of the examination of a number of miscellaneous food 

 materials, and discusses sanitary food and related topics; and the third, the 

 results of the examination of drugs. 



Food inspection decision (U. 8. Dept. Agi'., Food Insp. DcciMons 146, 147, 

 pp. 1 each). — These decisions have to do with the use of saccharin in foods, 

 and with absinth. 



School lunches and medical inspection, I. S. Wile (Med. Rev. of Reviews, 

 18 (1912), No. 9, pp. 593-598; Jour. Home Econ., 4 (1912), No. 4, pp. 345-352).— 

 Arguments favoring the school lunch are presented in this summary of data, 

 which includes the author's experience in school lunch work in New York City. 



Cost of living in Mexico, P. E. Holland and W. L. Bonney (Daily Cons, 

 and Trade Rpts. [U. S.], 15 (1912), No. 199, pp. 966-969).— Statistical data 

 relating to the cost of living, and a description of the preparation of some 

 Mexican dishes (tortillas, tamales, and enchiladas), are given. 



Food in Syria, M. Labb^ and J. Ziade (Bill. 8oc. Sei. Hijg. Aliment., 1 (1911), 

 No. 3-4, pp. 371-381). — A detailed description of the foods generally consumed 

 in Syria is given. 



The results of dietary studies are presented. *In the case of a man weighing 

 85 kg. the daily food supplied from 138 to 147 gm. protein, the energy value 

 being from 2,878 to 3,037 calories. In another case, with a man weighing 105 

 kg., the diet supplied about 228 gm. protein and 5,466 calories ; and in a third 

 case, with a man weighing 70 kg., 125 gm. protein and 3,848 calories. 



According to the author's data, Syrian diet contains little meat and prac- 

 tically no alcohol. It contains large quantities of carbohydrates, and, they 

 believe, supplies too much fat. 



The pathology of fat metabolism, F. M. Hanes (Bui. Johns JTopMns 

 Hosp., 23 (1912), No. 253, pp. 77-82; ahs. in Med. Rev. of Reviews, 18 (1912), 

 No. 6, p. 412). — "Fatty degeneration" is an inexact term for a variety of cell 

 injuries accompanied with the appearance of fat. 



Lipins (lipoids) of cells include not only neutral fats, fatty acids, and soaps, 

 but also more complex substances which should be studied in connection with 

 both normal and abnormal metabolism, Lipins are constant cell constituents, 

 usually in invisible form, becoming visible with certain injuries to the cell, and 

 forming fatty accumulations of lipins which the cell can not utilize and which 

 are not the result of degenerative transformation of the cytoplasm into fat. 

 These accumulations are physiological or pathological infiltrations. Glyceryl- 

 ester infiltration indicates injury to the containing cell, and cholesteryl-ester 



