744 EXPEEIMENT STATION RECORD. 



to Mieliigan conditions. A combination of oats and winter vetcli or oats and 

 peas is considered niucli better than oats used alone. 



The pollination question {Oregon 8ta. Circ. 20, pp. 7). — A discussion of the 

 Ix)llination of apples and pears, in wliicli is set forth some of the practical 

 results obtained in the station's work throughout the State for several years 

 past. A general broad view is also given of the important points to be kept 

 in mind with respect to orchard pollination. A publication dealing exclusively 

 with the research phases of the pollination work will appear in the future. 



The circular concludes with a list of commercial varieties of apples and pears 

 most grown at the present time in Oregon and grouped according to the desir- 

 ability of interplaniing to secure best results from pollination. 



Top working apple trees, C. P. Haxligan (Michigan Sta. Circ. I'f, pp. 92~9-'i, 

 figs. 2). — A popular circular describing the method of top working apple trees 

 by means of the cleft graft. 



Dressings for pruning wounds of trees, A. D. Selby {Ohio Sta. Circ. 126, 

 pp. 163-170). — ^A popular circular containing suggestions relative to available 

 antiseptic materials, the essential requirements of a wound dressing, and the 

 available materials for wound dressings. 



Recent investigations in fig culture and caprification, G. P. Rixford 

 (Pacific Rural Press, 8^ {1912), Xos. 2, pp. 28-30; 3, pp. 52-53).— A popular 

 review of the progress made in recent investigations dealing with the estab- 

 lishment of the Smyrna fig industry in California. 



The severe frosts of the past winter proved very disastrous to the mamme 

 crop of caprifigs in which the Blastophaga are harbored during the winter. 

 To offset this difficulty a California fig grower made the important discovery 

 that the mamme figs may be taken from the tree in December before the advent 

 of heavy frosts, stratified in a box of clean, damp sand, and stored over winter 

 in a cellar without injuring the Blastophaga, which were found to come out 

 as usual and enter the profichi, or spring crop of caprifigs. By harboring the 

 insects in this manner it is suggested that it may be possible to extend the 

 Smyrna fig industry all along the Gulf region of the Southern States from 

 Florida to Texas. 



New method of extracting olive oil, F. T. Bioletti {Pacific Rural Press, S't 

 {1912), No. 16, p. 372). — A new method of extracting olive oil from fresh 

 olive pulp, which has been recently tested in Italy with good results, is here 

 briefly described. 



Instead of using a press as in the ordinary methods of extracting olive oil, 

 the extractor consists of 2 concentric cylinders separated by a narrow space. 

 The outer cylinder is of sheet metal and the inner one is a metallic screen. 

 The olive pulp is placed in the inner cylinder and kept in motion by a re- 

 volving axle furnished with aluminum pallets. By means of a suction fan 

 attached to the lower half of the outer cylinder a slight difference of pressure 

 is produced between the inside and the outside of the inner cylinder. The 

 oil and water are thus extracted from the pulp. Contrary to the results 

 secured in the ordinary press, the oil comes out more easily than the water 

 and a greater proportion of water remains in the pulp. It is claimed that 

 about 10 per cent more oil is obtained from the new system and that the 

 quality of the oil is uniform and equal to or better than the first run from 

 ordinary presses. The olives can be worked while fresh and the troubles 

 and defects due to drying, molding, and rotting are avoided. 



Report on experiments with citrus fruits at the Beeville substation, A. T. 

 Potts {Texas Sta. Bui. lJi8, pp. 5-22, pi. 1, figs. 10). — This bulletin comprises 

 a brief r6sum6 of the experiments with citrus fruits which have been con- 

 ducted at the substation during the past few years. The varieties which 



