VETERINARY MEDICINE. 785 



ons proportions. As the nnimal continues recovering its health, the former 

 become gradually reduced in number until finally the latter only comes to be 

 found in blood. . . . While studying blood smears of cattle in which both the 

 normal forms and the marginal points are found together, I could find several 

 intermediate forms between these 2 and the course of formation of the former 

 from the latter." 



The author states that he can not accept the view that all of the marginal 

 points, or coccus-like bodies, are no other than Anaplasma margxnalv. " I can 

 not but believe that Babesia bigemina at least, takes a form of the marginal 

 points in its life cycle as believetl by Smith and Kilborne, Knuth. OUwig, and 

 Manteufel. ... I also had opportunities of examining such forms in blood of 

 calves, mice, and rats. And it was found that they are clearly distinguished 

 fi'om the marginal points appearing in the life cycle of B. bigrmina." 



Some notes and suggestions in connection with the etiology of bovine 

 onchocerciasis, J. B. Cleland (Jour. Trap. Med. ami Iliig. [Loiidoii], 15 (19J2), 

 No. to. PI). 232-235). — A further discussion of the etiology of this disease (E. S. 

 R., 25, p. 887). 



It appears most likely that ^toinoxys calcitrans is the insect host concerned 

 in the transmission of the embryo of this parasite from host to host. Since 

 embryos from the worm nests are occasionally liberatetl into the blood stream, 

 this fly has an opportunity to imbibe one or more of the sparsely distributed 

 embryos and. after a i)artial development, to inoculate a fresh vertebrate host 

 therewith. 



Streptotrichosis in a bullock in India, G. K. W.axkkr and R. Branford 

 {Vet. Jour., US (1912). No. .'/.J7, pp. 5.'ii-5.'t5. figs. .'/). — The author records a 

 case of this di.sease in a bullock in the Punjab. 



Notes on the muscular changes brought about by intermuscular injectiou 

 of calves with the virus of contagious pleuro-pneumonia, W. PI. Boynton 

 {[Philippine] Bur. Agr. Bui. 20, 1912. pp. 10. pis. //). — •' From all appearances 

 the contagious pleuro-pneumonia virus seems to have a specific action upon 

 muscle and i-onnective tissue, affecting chiefly the connective tissue elements. 

 The ai)pearances suggest that the virus multiplies in the lymph spaces of the 

 connective tissue and blood vessels, gradually working its way through the walls 

 of the blood vessels, causing an inflammation of the intima and thus giving 

 rise to thrombus formations. The virus having invaded the tissue gives rise 

 to a serofibrinous exudate, intermingled with groups of leucocytes leading to 

 thrombosis of both lymph and blood vessels. 



" The muscle lesions correspond with the lung lesions of contagious pleuro- 

 pneumonia in the following respects ; Thrombus formation in the veins in 

 both tissues; the inflammatory areas around the blood vessels are similar; 

 the connective tissue is chiefly affected in both tissues; the abundant sero- 

 fibrinous exudate is present in both ; the deep staining line of leucocytes along 

 the edge of the connective tissue is characteristic in both tissues; the tendency 

 toward a chronic productive inflammation is present in both.'' 



A study of the' normal blood of the carabao, W. H. Boynton {[Philippine] 

 Bur. Agr. Bui. 21, 1912, pp. 12). — Twenty-five animals in normal condition, 

 from 2* to 6 years of age, were used in the studies here reported. 



" In the circulating blood of supposedly normal carabaos over 2 years old 

 the red corpuscles were found to average 6,057,520 per cubic millimeter. The 

 average percentage of hemoglobin was 92.6. The average number of leucocytes 

 was 10.389 per cubic millimeter. The average specific gravity found was 

 1.0532. The relative volume of corpuscles to plasma was found to be 29.1 

 per cent of corpuscles to 70.9 i^er cent of plasma. The average time for com- 

 plete coagulation of the blood was found to be 3 minutes and 16 seconds plus." 



