794 EXPEEIMEISTT STATION EECORD. 



child; The Labor lacoiiie, by W. H. Wilson; and Enlarging the Agricultural 

 Unit, by E. Davenport. 



Cost accounting- on farms, G. F. Warren (Amer. Agr., 90 (1912), No. 13, pp. 

 263, 264, 265). — An address delivered before the New York State Agricultural 

 Society in which the author compares incomes of farmers and city laborers, 

 and discusses the cost of men and teams on the farm, equipment value, interest 

 on investment, and various factors usually omitted in keeping farm accounts. 

 He states that reports of receipts and expenditures as secured from 2,409 farms 

 In 14 townships in New York indicated that but one-third of the farmers made 

 more than hired man's wages in addition to 5 per cent interest on their capital. 

 A similar study in 6 other States indicated that less than one-third of the 

 farmers make farm wages. 



Colonization and immigration, J. S. Duff (Rpt. Min. Agr. Ontario, 1911, 

 pp. 49-53, figs. 2). — Data are presented showing that 2,356 immigrants were 

 sent to Ontario farms by the Bureau of Colonization and Immigration during 

 the year ended October 31, 1911. The number of farm laborers sent by the 

 Salvation Army is reported as 1,4.31. 



The sum of $20,000 has been set apart for advancing i>art of the passage 

 money of those who gave promise of being desirable laborers or servants. 

 Repayments were made to an average extent of $20 each, and the plan is 

 regarded as progressing satisfactorily. 



[Cooperative agricultural distribution and production], G. S. Barnes 

 {Rpt. Indus, and Agr. Coop. Soc. United Kingdom, 1899-1910, pp. XXXIII'-* 

 XXXIX, 61-69). — Tables are given showing the number, membership, sales, 

 etc., of the cooperative societies in the United Kingdom, 1895-1909. 



It is noted that the number of productive societies increased from 46 in 1895 

 to 817 in 1909 with an increase in membership from 3,110 to 45,622. They had 

 at the end of 1909 a sale, loan, and reserve capital of £431,348. The total sales 

 for the year amounted to £2,005,314, upon which a profit of £23,663 was made. 



A large majority of these organizations are dairying societies scattered over 

 a considerable ai'ea and confine their operations to collecting the milk of their 

 members and separating the cream, which they send to a central creamery. 

 "This system of central creameries with a number of auxiliary societies is 

 found to result in economy in manufacturing expenses, and in the reduction 

 in the competition which ensues when a large number of small societies are 

 each endeavoring to secure customers for their output in the same markets." 



The number of distributive societies increased from 11 in 1895 to 334 in 1909; 

 the membership from 2,418 to 39,339; the sale, loan, and reserve capital from 

 £7,745 to £162,758; sales from £56,092 to £1,343,390; and profits from £1,032 to 

 £12,613. 



Life insurance as a means of promoting the redemption of mortgages and 

 the acquisition of land (Internat. Inst. Agr. [Rome], Bui. Bur. Econ. and Soc. 

 Intel., 3 {1912) No. 8, pp. 129-l.'i6). — This article discusses at length some 

 recent applications of the principles of life insurance in connection with agri- 

 culture, giving special attention to an experiment made by certain Prussian 

 Landschaften to attain, by means of life insurance, the discharging of mort- 

 gages on rux'al property and the investment of the money of the farmers par- 

 ticipating in projects to the advantage of agriculture and of their local com- 

 munities. 



A lengthy bibliography is included. 



Agricultural insurance in Denmark {Internat. Inst. Agr. [Rome], Bui. 

 Bur. Econ. and Soc. Intel, 3 {1912), No. -'/, pp. 15-102). — This article presents 

 a detailed examination of agricultural insurance against fire, stoi-ms, hail, live 

 stock, etc., as they have developed in the Danish peninsula and islands, show- 



