812 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



Both methods yield practically the same result, but (a) is recommended 

 because it is more conveniently conducted. The Bondznski-Ratzloff method is 

 recommended for determining the fat in cheese. 



Method for determining- salt and fat, R. H. Shaw {Cream. Jour., 23 {1912), 

 No. 10, PI). 12, 13, 16, fig. i).— Previously noted (E. S. R., 27, p. 614). 



The adulteration of butter, A. Eloiee {Hyg. Viande et Lait, 5 (1911), No. 

 12, pp. 681-697; 6 (1912), No. 1, pp. 12-33) .—TM^ is a review of existing 

 methods for detecting abnormal butter and adulteration in butter. The results 

 of examining different kinds of butter are also included. 



Methods of detecting adulterations in butter, L. Robin (Ann. Falsif., 5 

 (1912), No. .'f2, pp. 180-187). — This is a simplification of the methods previously 

 noted (E. S. R., 18, p. 709). It describes the preparation of the reagents and 

 the procedure for determining fatty acids soluble in alcohol, the fatty acids 

 soluble in water, and the fatty acids insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol, 

 with the interpretation of the results obtained. 



Determination of fat in feed stuffs and seeds, M. Monhaupt (Chem. Ztg., 

 35 (1911). No. IJ/l, p. 130.5). — A formula is giA'en for calculating the fat content 

 of certain substances when determining the fat by the shaking-out method. 

 An aliquot of the ethyl ether or petroleum ether extracts is taken for the 

 determinations. The formula can also be employed in all cases where a 

 soluble constituent of known specific gravity is shaken out with a definite 

 amount of appropriate solvent from the substance under examination. 



A method for differentiating sterilized from unsterilized bone meal, E. 

 PoLENSKE (Arj). K. Gsndhtsamt., 38 (1912), No. //, pp. 559-561). — ^As gi'ound 

 bones are often used for feeding stock, including poultry, and may have origi- 

 nated from diseased animals, the author recommends the following method for 

 determining whether or not the bone has been sterilized. 



Ten gm. of the meal is mixed with ?>0 cc. of cold water and allowed to stand 

 for 24 hours, shaking occasionally during this time. The mixture is then 

 filtered and the filtrate poured back upon the filter until a clear fluid is 

 obtained. To 10 cc. of the filtrate is added 2 drops of concentrated acetic acid, 

 the mixture brought to the boiling point, and the tube with its contents placed 

 in a water bath held at 9.5° C. for ^ hour. If a fiocculent deposit is produced 

 the material was not sterilized previously. 



In regard to the behavior of invert sugar in an alkaline solution and in 

 the presence of hydrogen peroxid, A. Jolles (Biochcm. Zf>icl>r., 36 (1911), No. 

 5-6, pp. 389-393). — This is a continuation of the work previously noted (E. S. 

 R., 26. p. 307). 



Comparison between the double polarization method of determining su- 

 crose and the direct polarization after destruction of the reducing sugars, 

 H. Pellet (Intertmt. Sugar Jour., ].', (1912), No. 159. pp. 161, 162; ahs. in 

 Jour. Soc. Chem. Indus., 31 (1912), No. 7, p. 351).— " A number of comparative 

 determinations with the Pellet-Lemeland and other methods of determining 

 sucrose have been carried out. the following results being obtained: Direct 

 polarizations, defecating with basic lead acetate, 33.7 ; direct polarization, using 

 hypochlorite and normal lead acetate for clarification, 28.9; direct acid polariza- 

 tion, using hydrochloric acid and urea (Andrllk). 30.9; sucrose by double polari- 

 zation, using the neutral dii'ect polarization, and verified constants, 38.9; 

 sucrose by double polarization, employing the acid (Andrlik) direct polariza- 

 tion, and verified constants, 38.6; direct polarization, after destruction of the 

 reducing sugars, by the Pellet-Lemeland procedure, 38.8; sucrose by double 

 polarization, using the solution in which the reducing sugars had been de- 

 stroyed by the Pellet-I^meland process, 38.5; sucrose by determining the 

 reducing sugars before and after inversion, and operating directly on the 



