816 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



at tlie surface, the gradient wiud, and the general distribution of pressure and 

 temperature in the region." 



Bulletin of the Mount Weather Observatory (U. 8. Dept. Agr., Bui. Mount 

 Weather Ohserv., 5 {1912), pt. 1, pp. 1-82, figs. 24). — This number contains the 

 following articles: Daily Changes in Temperature up to 4,000 Meters (illus.), 

 by A. J. Henry ; and Free Air Data at Mount Weather for January, February, 

 and March, 1912 (illus.), by W. R. Blair. 



Monthly Weather Review (Mo. Weather Rev., 40 (1912), Nos. 7, pp. 977- 

 1142, jns. 9; 8. pp. 1143-1292, pis. 9). — In addition to the usual climatological 

 summaries, weather forecasts and warnings for July and August, 1912, river 

 and tlood observations, lists of additions to the Weather Bureau library and 

 of recent papers on meteorology, a condensed climatological summary, and 

 climatological tables and charts, these numbers contain the following special 

 papers : 



No. 7.— The Richmond Tornado of May 12, 1912, by J. H. Kimball ; Tornado 

 i\t Grand Rapids, Mich., by C. F. Schneider; Local Storms in July, 1912, by 

 U. G. Purssell, C. J. Root, and V. H. Church ; A Phenomenally Heavy Rain at 

 Alton, 111., by M. W. Hayes ; Severe Thuuder Storm at Minneapolis, Minn., 

 July 12, 1912, by M. R. Hovde; Wisconsin River Flood, July, 1912, by J. H. 

 Spencer; Flood in Cherry Creek Basin, Colorado, July 14, 1912, by P. Mc- 

 Donough ; Excessive Rains in Louisiana, by E. D. Coberly ; Storm of July 19, 

 1912, Salt Lake City, Utah; Storm at Mazuma, Nev., by H. F. Alps; Recent 

 Storms at Murray, Utah, by R. C. Towler; The Relation Between Light Pre- 

 cipitation and "Alkali," by R. A. Hart ; Notes on the Rivers of the Sacramento 

 and Lower San Joaquin Watersheds during July, 1912, by N. R. Taylor ; Frost 

 Fighting at Pomona, by J. E. Adamson; Variation of Rainfall with Altitude, 

 by A. G. McAdie (see p. 817) ; Reconnolssauce of the Deschutes River in July, 

 1912, by J. H. Lewis; Occurrence of Precipitation on Change of Wind to North 

 with Approach of a High Barometer, by D. F. Manning; and Climate of Prince 

 Georges County. Md. 



No. 8. — The Avalon Tornado of August 21, 1912, by J. H. Kimball ; Mammato- 

 cumulus Clouds, by J. H. Kimball ; Heavy Rainfall at Dubuque, Iowa, by J. H. 

 Spencer; August, 1912, Flood of the Wisconsin River, by J. H. Spencer; Electric 

 Induction by Clouds during Thunderstorms, by H. A. Frise ; A Severe Storm 

 at Concordia, Kans.. by J. W. Byram ; Tornado at BooneVille, Ark., by H. F. 

 Alciatore; Cause of the Equable Temperature Conditions at New Orleans, La., 

 by E. D. Coberly ; Notes on the Rivers of the Sacramento and Lower San Joa- 

 quin Watersheds during August. 1912. by N. R. Taylor; Notes on Streams and 

 Weather of the Upper San Joaquin Watershed, by W. E. Bonnett ; Note on 

 Formation of a Cloud during Forest Fire, by F. H. Carpenter; and Dog Days. 



The action of forests on late frosts, E. Cuif (Ann. Sci. Agron., 4- ^er., 1 

 (1912), 11, No. 3, pp. 161-166; ohs. in Rev. Sci. [Paris^, 50 (1912), II, No. 24, 

 pp. 7)0, 756). — Data regarding temperature conditions in forests and in the 

 open are cited to show that forests lower the maxima and raise the minima 

 of temperature, reducing the damage from late frosts. 



Distribution of the temperature at various heights from the ground dur- 

 ing frosts, G. KosLovsKii (Khoziaistvo, 7 (1912), No. 25, pp. 84I, 842; abs. in 

 Intcrnat. Inst. Agr. [Rome], Bui. Bur. Agr. Intel, and Plant Diseases, 3 (1912), 

 No. 9, p. 1926). — Observations during a night of heavy frost showed the lowest 

 temperature at a height of 2 ft. 4 in. above the ground. At 4 ft. 8 in. the 

 temperature was almost twice as high and at 14 ft. the temperature was but 

 slightly or not at all below freezing. " For this reason trees in flower suffered 

 very little, less than shrubs; the leaves of the vine were scorched precisely at 

 a height between 2 ft. 4 in. and 3 ft. 3 in." 



