ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY — ENTOMOLOGY. 859 



fact that iu many parts of the country their injury is negligible for such crops 

 as wheat, oats, rye, etc., is due to the rotation or alternation of crops in such 

 manner as to make their rapid increase impossible." 



Other si)ecies considered in addition to the above mentioned are Drwcula- 

 cephala noveboracensis, Diedrocephala coccinea, bog leafliopper {Helochar'a 

 communis), Oypona octolineata, G. Jyimaculata, Tettigonia iifida, Hecahif^ 

 Uneatus, shovel-nosed leafliopper {Durycephalus platyrhynchus), Paraholo- 

 cratus viridis, sharp-nosed leafhopper (Platymetopius acutiis), yellow-faced 

 leafhopper (Platymetopius frontalis), P. cinereus, Deltocephalus sonorus, D. 

 fuscinervosus, Say's leafhopi>er (D. sayi), Athysunus curtisii, A. bicolor, A. 

 obtutus, and geminate leafhopper {Thamnotettix geminatus). 



Remedial measures are discussed under the headings of cultural methods, 

 mowing, burning, capturing in hopperdozers or tar pans, and spraying, all of 

 which must be adapted for the seasons or conditions of the crop. 



What are we going to do about the froghopper? J. J. A. Carlee {Proc. 

 Agr. Soc. Trinidad and Tobago, 12 (1912), No. 8, pp. 265-272). — A discussion of 

 the present status of the froghopper situation in Trinidad. 



The spring grain-aphis or " green bug," F. M. Webster and W. J. Phillips 

 (U. 8. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Bui. 110, pp. 153, pis. 9, figs. 53).— This is a com- 

 plete report of investigations commenced in the spring of 1907 and continued 

 without interi'uption up to and including 1911. Preliminary reports upon the 

 work have been previously noted (E. S. R., 19, pp. 53, 452). 



The authors first consider the occurrence of the pest in the Old and New 

 World. In the United States outbreaks occurred in 1890, 1901, 1903, and 1907. 

 Then follow accounts of its food plants, character of attack, viviparous and 

 oviparous development, influence of winds and of temperature on diffusion, its 

 embryology, natural enemies, and remedial and preventive measures. 



Field spraying experiments indicate spraying to be an impractical measure, 

 even when small areas are involved. Burning or plowing are thought to be 

 more effective. Lime and sulphur dusted on the plants in badly infested areas 

 gave practically no benefits. It is recommended, especially for the South, that 

 all volunteer growth of whatever nature be completely killed out in the fields 

 before seeding the following crop, and it is thought that if this be done such 

 ravages as have occurred in the past can not be repeated. 



Investigations seem to indicate that no noticeable good resulted from the 

 introduction of the parasite Aphidius testaceipes. "When one stops to con- 

 sider the numerous and varied hosts of A. testaceipes, its manner of hiberna- 

 tion, its wide distribution, and the higher temperature required for its develop- 

 ment over and above that needed by its host; also the fact that it may readily 

 be transported along with its host as adults, or within the body of the latter, 

 one can readily see the futility of attempting materially to increase its num- 

 bers or efficiency by artificial introduction into grain fields." 



Aphididse of southern California, VIII, E. O. Essig (Pomona Col. Jour. 

 Ent., Jf (1912), No. 2, pp. 6Q8-7J,5, figs. i7).— This continuation of the author's 

 studies (E. S. R., 26, p. 149) includes descriptions of several new genera and 

 species. 



Woolly aphis, or American blight (Schizoneura lanigera), W. W. Frog- 

 GATT (Agr. Gaz. N. 8. Wales, 23 (1912), No. 6, pp. 520-528) .—This is a sum- 

 marized account. 



A contribution to the knowledge of the Phylloxerinse, B. Grassi et al. 

 (Contributo alia Conoseenza delle FiUosserine ed in Particolare della Fillos- 

 sera della Vite. Rome, 1912, pp. Z-t-//56-f LXZF, pis. 20, figs. 31).— The first 

 part of this work (pp. 3-86) deals with studies of phylloxera other than that 



