ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY — ENTOMOLOGY. 861 



Louisiana. Technical descriptions and illustrations are presented of 35 of the 

 species. 



Mites associated with the oyster-shell scale (Lepidosaphes ulmi), H. E. 

 EwiNG and R. L. Webster {Psyche, 19 {1912), .To. Jt, pp. 121-13.'t, fig. 1).— 

 Observations made in Iowa in 1911 showed a great variation in the condition 

 of the oyster-shell scale at different places in the State. In some of the in- 

 fested orchards near Ames, as low as 3.7 per cent of the scales contained sound 

 efcgs in the spi'ing of 1911, the remainder being either empty or gutted by mites. 

 Samples of scale collected in an orchard at Northwood. near the Minnesota 

 line, showetl that from 23 to 82.4 per cent contained sound eggs. Hemisarcoptes 

 mains is said to be the most important enemy of this scale. 



Of a total of 9 species of mites found in connection with the oyster-shell 

 scale 6 were either parasitic or predaceous. These 6 species, notes on which 

 are here presented, are H. mains, Tydeus coccophagus, BcLcUa cardinalis, Cyta 

 hrevipaJpa, Anystis agilis, and Eupalus sp. 



Studies of intracellular symbiosis, P. Buchneb {Arch. Protistenk., 26 

 {1912), No. 1, pp. 116, pis. 12, figs. 2.0).— This first paper deals with the in- 

 tracellular symbiosis of Hemiptera. 



Eri silk, H. Maxwell-Lefroy and C. C. Ghosh {Mem. Dcpt. Agr. India, Ent. 

 8er., Jf {1912), No. 1, pp. 130, pis. 9, figs. 13). — This paper discusses rearing, 

 diseases, influence of climate, treatment of cocoons, the castor plant, and the 

 eri silk industry in India generally and in Assam. 



Orgyia levicostigma: A factor in the causation of Ophthalmia nodosa, 

 G. W. Beatty {Med. Rec. [N. Y.], 82 {1912), No. 8, p. 3-'/3, fig. /).— The author 

 reports cases in which the introduction of hairs from the caterpillars of the 

 white-marked tussock moth produced a nodular condition of the conjunctiva. 



The nun moth problem in Saxony, C. F. C. Beeson {Quart. Jour. Forestry, 

 6 ,1912), No. 3, pp. 188-19.'i, pi. 1, fig. 1). — This is a discussion of the present 

 status of the nonne moth situation in Saxony. 



Papers on insects affecting vegetables. — A report of progress regarding 

 the sugar beet webworm (Loxostege sticticalis), H. O. Marsh {U. 8. Dept. 

 Agr., Bur. Ent. Bui. 109. pi. 6, pp. 57-70, figs. 13). — This is a preliminary report 

 based upon observations made by the author during portions of the years 1909 

 and 1910, and nearly all of 1911, while engaged in investigations of the insects 

 affecting sugar beets and truck crops in the Arkansas Valley of Colorado and 

 Kansas. The injury caused by this pest has varied greatly from year to year. 



The moths deposit their eggs singly or in rows of from 2 to 5 or more, usually 

 on the underside of the leaf. Under normal conditions each female is capable 

 of depositing at least 200 eggs. The very young larvfe eat small holes in the 

 underside of the leaves without cutting through the upper epidermis, but as 

 they increase in size they consume almost the entire leaf with the exception 

 of the larger veins and the petioles. When full grown the caterpillars leave 

 the beets and burrow into the soil, usually close about the infested plant, and 

 spin tube-like cases in which they later pupate. During the summer months 

 the moths issue within a few days. 



" In rearing experiments conducted at Rocky Ford, Colo., the average time 

 required from the deposition of the eggs until the moths issued was a little 

 more than a month. The egg sta,ge was observed to vary from 3 to 5 days, the 

 larva stage from 17 to 20 days, and the pupa stage was usually 11 days. These 

 variations were from records of successive generations. So far as the writer 

 has been able to determine, there are 3 generations or ' crops ' of webworms 

 in the Arkansas Valley each year. There may be a fourth generation, but if 

 so it is not clearly marked and possibly occurs early in the season on weeds 

 such as Russian thistle {Salsola tragus) and lamb's quarters {Chenopodium 



