FORESTRY. 47 



flowers, fruit, and wood. Tbe important distinctions between different species 

 of the same genus are specially indicated and drawings taken fi'om various 

 sources are given showing foliage, productive organs, winter twigs, buds, etc. 



Intolerant and tolerant species. Light tolerance and soil moisture, A. 

 Ceisler {Licht- iind ^^rhattholzartcn. Licliifjriniss und Bodcnfruclitigkeit. 

 Virnna. 1909, pp. 21 ; Cciithl. (Icftam. Forstic, So {1909). No. 1. pp. Ji-22).— The 

 important data of investigations conducted by the author for the past IS years 

 on he relation of timber species to various degrees of shade are given and 

 discussed. 



The deductions made from a study of the results as a whole are in substance 

 as follows : In making the necessary division of timber species into intolerant 

 and tolerant forms according to their specific light requirements, consideration 

 must also be given to the relation between light sufficiency and wood produc- 

 tion. Within the limits of the light requirement of any species the growth of 

 tolerant trees is checked less than that of intolerant trees when shadier condi- 

 tions are brought about. The creation of more favorable moisture conditions 

 in the forest will not result in increased wood production except in the presence 

 of a light intensity which is greater than the minimum light requirement. 



In making gap cuttings in tolerant stands, only the over light can be taken 

 into consideration, hence the size of the gap should be regulated according to 

 the light requiiement. The best results with nunsery trees grown in rows are 

 secured when the beds are not shaded. The paths between the rows, however, 

 should be carefully mulched with moss. 



The origin and early development of chestnut sprouts, W. R. Mattoon 

 (Forestry Quart., 7 (1909), Xo. 1. pp. S'i-.'i7, pis. -'/). — The author reports consid- 

 erable data obtained from silvical studies of chestnut sprouts made in Connec- 

 ticut and Pennsylvania. These bring out the leading facts concerning the origin 

 of sprouts and their growth during the first few years, and indicate as well the 

 variations which occur under definite known conditions, such as peculiarities in 

 situation, climate, light, soil, and soundness of parent stock. Comparisons are 

 given of sprout growth from seedling and copince stumps, and of height growth 

 of chestnut and associated species. The decimation of sprouts by disease and 

 by intoK'rance of species are also discussed. 



Report of the committee on breeding forest and nut trees (Amcr. Breeders' 

 Assoc. Proc, Ji (1908), pp. SOJ/SIl). — A report on methods and technique of im- 

 proving forest and nut trees by breeding. The phases discussed include vari- 

 ability of forest trees, effects of natural and artificial selection, relation of the 

 source of seed to the improvement of the species, relation of the characters of 

 the i)arent tree to the selection of new forms, health of the parent tree, effect 

 of care and handling of seed of future stock, selection of seedlings for planting 

 and for thinning, and graftiiig and budding. 



Forest measurements, C. A. Lyford (Bien. Rpt. Forestry Com. N. H., 

 1907-8, pp. 121 -IS'), pis. 11). — ^This consists of a series of valuation, yield and 

 volume tables and log rules for the more important commercial trees in south- 

 ern New Hampshire. The tables are based upon data secured from actual mill 

 tallies and studies of sanqde stands in that section. The practical application 

 of the yield tables is illustrated with sample financial rotation tables for fully 

 stocked unmanaged white pine. 



The strength of South Australian timbers, R. W. Chapman (Trans., Proe. 

 und Rpl. h'oy. ,s'oc. No. .\(/.s/.. .i2 ilHOS). pp. 325-337, ftijs. 3).— The data are 

 given on breaking, shearing, tension and compression tests conducted witli 

 eleven different species of eucalypts. native to South Australia, together with 

 one pine (Pinus insiynis). Comparative data on the American oak taken from 

 Johnson's Materials of Construction are also given. 



