Y6 EXPEEIMENT STATION KECOED. 



The type is represented by Bacillus oromaticiis and its varieties which produce 

 a mucilaginous fermentation. The typical representative of the mesoQora is 

 Lactococcus lactis, which thrives best between 20 and 25°. The lacto bacillus is 

 the representative of the thermoflora, or those which thrive best from 35 to 45°. 

 Methods for growing pure cultures of the different species are described. 



[The coagulation of milk by rennet obtained from Carica papaya], C. 

 Geeber (Compt. Rend. Acad. 8ci. [Paris}, 1^8 {1909), No. S, jip. .',97-500; Compt. 

 Rend. 8oc. Biol [Paris}, 66 {1909), Nos. 5, j)p. 227-229; 8, pp. 366-368) .—This 

 rennet resists higli temperatures. It can coagulate either raw or cooked milk 

 at all temperatures between and 100° C, but its optimum action takes place 

 at 80°, The action is accelerated by the addition of hydrochloric acid and 

 retarded by sodium hydroxid. At temperatures below 10° its action is retarded 

 by calcium chlorid and sodium chlorid. Above 10° it is accelei-ated by calcium 

 chlorid and by small amounts of sodium chlorid. 



Investigations on the bactericidal properties of milk and on adaptable 

 forms of Bacillus coli communis during the bactericidal phase, V. Brundy 

 {Centbl. Bakt. [etc.}, 2. Abt., 22 {1908), No. 7-10, pp. 103-222; abs. in Chcm. 

 Zentbl., 1909, I, No. J,, pp. 306, 307).— The author found that 4 different types of 

 coli bacteria in fresh milk gradually decreased in number during the first 12 

 hours. A high sugar content increased the germicidal properties of milk. Evi- 

 dence is cited to show that the destruction of the bacteria can not be due 

 exclusively to unequal osmotic pressure of the medium and the bacterial cell. 

 In discussing the toxic effect of milk in the light of modern theories of immun- 

 ity, the author points out the probability that alexin or other antibacterial 

 substances which circulate in the blood of the udder pass into the milk and 

 remain active at low temperatures from 12 to 24 hours after the milk is drawn. 



A milk-borne outbreak of typhoid fever traced to a bacillus carrier, L. L. 

 LuMSDEN and W. C. Woodward {Jour. Amcr. Med. Assoc, 52 {1909), No. 10, 

 pp. 749-752, dgm. 1). — This outbreak of typhoid fever in the District of Co- 

 lumbia was traced to a person who is apparently either a chronic typhoid 

 bacillus carrier, possibly for IS years, or an acute bacillus cal-rier immune to 

 the disease. If the sanitary arrangements on the farm had been better or the 

 milk had been pasteurized the outbreak would probably not have occurred. 



The incidence of tubercle bacilli in New York City milk, A. F. Hess {Jour. 

 Amcr. Med. Assoc, 52 {1909), No. 13, pp. 1011-1016). — It was the author's pur- 

 pose to study the nature, frequency of occurrence, and effect on children of viru- 

 lent tubercle bacilli as found in the milk of a large city like New York. In 17 

 out of 107 samples obtained from 40-qt. cans, the presence of tubeix-le bacilli 

 was demonstrated by animal inoculation. Bacilli were also found in 1 out of 

 8 samples of commercial pasteurized milk. Pure cultures were made from 8 

 samples of milk, of which 7 proved to contain bacilli of bovine type. In 1 

 case a human strain was isolated. The health of IS infants and children known 

 to have ingested virulent bacteria was followed for 1 year. They seemed to be 

 in average health, though 4 out of 16 reacted to a conjunctival tuberculin test. 



From these investigations the author states that it would seem that the 

 bovine type of tubercle bacilli, although less virulent, is capable of infecting 

 human beings and that children are more susceptible to it than adults. Al- 

 though over 90 per cent of the cases of tuberculosis may be due to infection 

 from human beings, he believes that as a safeguard against bovine infection 

 milk not coming from tuberculin-tested cows should be pasteurized. 



Beport on the Danish pasteurization law, 1907—8 {Mwlkeritid., 22 {1909), 

 No. 6, irp. 138-152). — During the year 1,348 different creameries were inspected 

 for the purpose of ascertaining how far they conformed to the provisions of the 

 law as to pasteurization of skim milk, buttermilk, and cream. Of 14,617 sam- 



