352 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD, 



c-ulur, in whicli the insect pests and diseases of orchard, field, and garden crops 

 are described and illustrated. Preventive measures and remedies are considered. 



Insects affecting vegetables, C. J. S. Bethune {Ontario Dvpt. Agr. Bui. 

 171, pp. 1-36, figs. .'/7). — This is a popular account of the more important insect 

 enemies of vegetables, the object being to furnish the grower with a convenient 

 manual for the identification of the ordinary insects which injure the crops and 

 to describe the remedies which experience has proved to be the most effective 

 in each case. 



The cranberry situation in Wisconsin as regards insect attack, H. J. 

 Franklin (Wis. State Vraiihrrry droicers' Assoc. [Proc], 22 {1009), pp. 

 30-36). — This is an address presented before the Wisconsin Cranberry Growers' 

 Association, in which the two most important insects of cranberries in Wiscon- 

 sin, namely, the fruit worm and fire worm, are considered. 



Summary of annual report of field entomologist, G. P. Weldon {Colorado 

 Sta. Npt. J908, pp. 136-138). — Experiments indicate that "Black Leaf" is an 

 effective remedy for the red spider. At a strength of 1 : 75 it is reported to kill 

 every aphid touched, but the eggs do not appear to be destroyed at a strength of 

 from 1 : Go to 1 : 70. 



Experiments were made to determine the least strength of arsenate of lead 

 that can be used effectively and with the least number of applications. Counts 

 of 15,469 Ben Davis and Jonathan apples showed that, using strengths of 2, 3, 

 and 4A lbs. per 100 gal., the percentages free from worms were 85 with 2 lbs., 88 

 with 3 lbs., 95 with 44 lbs. and two applications, and 97 with 4* lbs. and three 

 applications. On a check tree (Ben Davis) 70 per cent .of the apples were free 

 from worms. 



A list of the insect pests found in orchards is included. 



Apple spraying in 1908, H. A. Gossard {Oliio Sta. Circ. 95, pp. 8, figs. 8). — 

 This is a summary of the results obtained from sin-aying experiments in an 

 apple orchard of 534 trees from 12 to 24 years old on 12 acres located in San- 

 dusky County. 



As soon as possible after the blossoms fell the entire orchard was given a 

 heavy spraying of arsenate of lead either alone or combined with Bordeaux 

 mixture. Where arsenate of lead was used alone for the first spraying, a second 

 spraying with Bordeaux or lime-sulphur, or with Bordeaux and the arsenate of 

 lead combined, was given as soon as possible after the first application. Some 

 plats received a third spraying of ar.'senate of lead alone about .July 20. 



With the exception of a single plat (»f Ben Davis no russet iug of the fruit could 

 be detected on any of the varieties, no matter how heavily they were sprayed 

 or when the applications were made. 



The best record obtained was from a Ben Davis tree sprayed with Bordeaux 

 before bloom and once heavily with arsenate of lead soon after the bloom fell. 

 Of the apples picked from this tree 4,469 were sound and but 8, or 0.17 per cent, 

 wormy, and of the total crop, including drops, 4,833 were sound, and but 15, or 

 0.31 per cent, wormy. Of the sound apples 5 bbls. were firsts and 0.9 bbl. 

 seconds. 



The trees sprayed about 2 weeks after the bloom fell ran from ."> or 4 iier 

 cent wormy on some trees to 33 or 34 per cent wormy on others. An unsprayed 

 check plat yielde<l 42.5 per cent wormy. So far as could be determined the sec- 

 ond and third sprayings had so little effect in reducing the percentage of wormi- 

 ness that they did not pay for the cost of application. 



" The total income from the orchard for the sea.son was approximately $7,400. 

 It is safe to say that from $5,500 to $6,000 of this return was net and that the 

 average net return per acre was between $400 and $500. From 55 Ben Davis 

 trees, 24 years old, were picked 390 bbls. of apples." 



